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European Wireless Conference

Channel Correlation Map based Indoor-to-outdoor Artificial Noise Design and Secrecy Analysis

Huijun Li, Zekai Liang, Güneş Karabulut Kurt, Gerd Ascheid, Guido Dartmann

Published May 20, 2015• 3 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Generating random artificial noise (AN) in the null space of the legitimate channel is an effective way to achieve secrecy in wireless communication when the locations and channels of eavesdroppers are not known. In this paper, we propose an AN design based on the channel correlation map assuming passive eavesdroppers (Eves) for indoor-to-outdoor scenario. Channel correlation map is a geographical map with overlay knowledge of long-term channel correlation matrices for possible Eves' locations. This knowledge is learned by legitimate users passing through these areas in the past. Different from the existing secrecy analyses with passive Eves, correlated transmit antenna arrays are assumed. Our AN vector is generated by maximizing the secure probability of attaining a pre-determined secrecy level for a certain number of the most dangerous potential Eves, which is found by the correlation map. We give an intuitive view of the secrecy performance for the whole area and show that our strategy enhances the secrecy level of the system when compared to the existing random null space AN method.

Related papers

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Physical layer security in the presence of passive eavesdroppers (i.e., the eavesdroppers' channels are unknown to the transmitter) in correlated channels is addressed. The majority of the literature with passive eavesdroppers assumption focus on uncorrelated channels and random artificial noise (AN) generation in the null space of the legitimate channel. This paper targets joint optimization of the AN vector and the power fraction used for beamforming in correlated channels. These two variables are obtained by maximizing the minimum secure probability of attaining a pre-determined secrecy level for a certain number of the most dangerous potential Eves, which are obtained by the correlation map. The correlation map contains long-term channel correlation matrices for all the potential Eves' locations, which are captured by legitimate users passing through these areas in the past. We use a secure probability map to illustrate the secrecy levels for all the possible positions of the legitimate user. The results show the significant secrecy enhancement of our proposed algorithm when compared to the exiting AN generation methods.

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The existing investigations on artificial noise (AN) security systems assumed that only null spaces are used to send AN signals, and all eigen-subchannels should be used to transmit messages. Our previous work proposed an AN scheme that allocates some of eigen-subchannels to transmit AN signals for improving secrecy rates. Nevertheless, our previous work considered only uncorrelated MIMO Rayleigh fading channels. In fact, the correlations among antennas exist in realistic scattering channel environments. In this paper, we extend our previous AN scheme to spatially correlated Rayleigh fading channels at both legitimate receiver and eavesdropper sides and derive an exact theoretical expression for the ergodic secrecy rate of the AN scheme, along with an approximate analysis. Both numerical and simulation results show that the proposed AN scheme offers a higher ergodic secrecy rate than the existing schemes, revealing a fact that the correlation among eavesdropper's antennas can potentially improve the secrecy rate of an MIMO system.

arXiv:1906.04289•IEEE Systems Journal•Jul 7, 2019•23 citations
Generating random artificial noise (AN) in the null space of the legitimate channel is an effective way to achieve secrecy in wireless communication when the locations and channels of eavesdroppers are not known. In this paper, we propose an AN design based on the channel correlation map assuming passive eavesdroppers (Eves) for indoor-to-outdoor scenario. Channel correlation map is a geographical map with overlay knowledge of long-term channel correlation matrices for possible Eves' locations. This knowledge is learned by legitimate users passing through these areas in the past. Different from the existing secrecy analyses with passive Eves, correlated transmit antenna arrays are assumed. Our AN vector is generated by maximizing the secure probability of attaining a pre-determined secrecy level for a certain number of the most dangerous potential Eves, which is found by the correlation map. We give an intuitive view of the secrecy performance for the whole area and show that our strategy enhances the secrecy level of the system when compared to the existing random null space AN method.
Physical layer security in the presence of passive eavesdroppers (i.e., the eavesdroppers' channels are unknown to the transmitter) in correlated channels is addressed. The majority of the literature with passive eavesdroppers assumption focus on uncorrelated channels and random artificial noise (AN) generation in the null space of the legitimate channel. This paper targets joint optimization of the AN vector and the power fraction used for beamforming in correlated channels. These two variables are obtained by maximizing the minimum secure probability of attaining a pre-determined secrecy level for a certain number of the most dangerous potential Eves, which are obtained by the correlation map. The correlation map contains long-term channel correlation matrices for all the potential Eves' locations, which are captured by legitimate users passing through these areas in the past. We use a secure probability map to illustrate the secrecy levels for all the possible positions of the legitimate user. The results show the significant secrecy enhancement of our proposed algorithm when compared to the exiting AN generation methods.
In physical layer security, the geographical secure region as a practical security metric has received considerable interest. This paper derives the distribution functions of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios at Bob and Eve with Rician fading channels, which is used to calculate the secrecy outage probability for different Eve’s locations. Then, the secure region can be determined in geographical two-dimensional plane by comparing the secrecy outage probability with a threshold. Based on this, two optimization problems of the beamforming vector at Bob used for transmitting the artificial noise are constructed to expand the secure region, with and without the knowledge of Eve’s location, respectively. Simulation results are provided to depict the secure region with different antenna numbers, and illustrate that the secure region can be effectively expanded by using the optimized beamforming vector at Bob.
This paper investigates cooperative security in wireless networks, where a source (Alice) intends to transmit a confidential message to a legitimate destination (Bob), with the help of a cooperative jammer (Charlie), coexisting with multiple passive eavesdroppers (Eves). In particular, by assuming knowledge of Bob's perfect channel state information (CSI) but only Eves’ statistical CSIs, secrecy beamforming with artificial noise (AN) is utilized for secure transmission, and cooperative jamming (CJ) is explored to further enhance secrecy. We first derive an accurate closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability (SOP), and establish the condition under which positive secrecy rate is achievable. Then, we provide a secure transmit design for maximizing the SOP constrained secrecy rate. Moreover, based on a strict mathematical analysis, we characterize the impact of the main channel quality and the number of Eves on transmit design and secrecy performance. Specifically, optimal power allocation ratio between the information-bearing signal and the AN signal increases as the main channel quality improves, and decreases with the number of Eves. Numerical results confirm that our design achieves performance improvement in terms of both secrecy rate and secure energy efficiency, as compared to the approach without CJ.
Artificial noise (AN) can be used to confuse eavesdroppers in a physical layer security system. One of the main issues concerned in AN schemes is how to improve secrecy capacities. Most existing AN schemes were proposed based on an assumption that the number of transmit antennas t is larger than that of receiver antennas r, such that they can utilize all r eigen-subchannels of a multiple-output multiple-input (MIMO) system to send messages, and use remaining t - r null spaces for transmitting AN signals. These AN signals null out legitimate receivers and degrade eavesdropper channels. However, transmitting messages in all eigen-subchannels is not always a good strategy. In particular, when the number of transmit antennas is constrained or even smaller than those of receivers, the secrecy capacities of legitimate receivers will be impaired significantly if using all eigen-subchannels for message transmission. To improve secrecy capacity, we propose an AN scheme where messages are encoded in s (which is a variable) strongest eigen-subchannels based on ordered eigenvalues of Wishart matrices, while AN signals are generated in remaining t - s spaces. We derive the average secrecy capacity of a single-user MIMO wiretap channel in the presence of an eavesdropper with multiple antennas. We show that the numerical results are in a good agreement with simulation results. The secrecy capacity of the proposed AN scheme can be improved by approximately 20% ~ 40% if compared with existing AN schemes.
This paper investigates artificial noise injection into the temporal and spatial dimensions of a legitimate wireless communication system to secure its transmissions from potential eavesdropping. We consider a multiple-input single-output (MISO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system in the presence of a single-antenna passive eavesdropper and derive both the secrecy rate and average secrecy rate of the legitimate system. It is assumed that the legitimate transmitter knows the full channel information of the legitimate transceivers but does not know the instantaneous channel state information of the passive eavesdropper. Closed-form expressions for the secrecy rate and average secrecy rate are derived for the asymptotic case with a large number of transmit antennas. We also investigate 1) the power allocation between the data and the AN; 2) the power allocation between the spatial and the temporal AN. Computer simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of our proposed artificial noise scheme.
The existing investigations on artificial noise (AN) security systems assumed that only null spaces are used to send AN signals, and all eigen-subchannels should be used to transmit messages. Our previous work proposed an AN scheme that allocates some of eigen-subchannels to transmit AN signals for improving secrecy rates. Nevertheless, our previous work considered only uncorrelated MIMO Rayleigh fading channels. In fact, the correlations among antennas exist in realistic scattering channel environments. In this paper, we extend our previous AN scheme to spatially correlated Rayleigh fading channels at both legitimate receiver and eavesdropper sides and derive an exact theoretical expression for the ergodic secrecy rate of the AN scheme, along with an approximate analysis. Both numerical and simulation results show that the proposed AN scheme offers a higher ergodic secrecy rate than the existing schemes, revealing a fact that the correlation among eavesdropper's antennas can potentially improve the secrecy rate of an MIMO system.