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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Interference between electromagnetically induced transparency and N-type resonances in Na vapor

Nobuhito Hayashi, Ryuta Sugizono, Kazuki Harimaya, Kotaro Shijo, Kosuke Tsubota, Masaharu Mitsunaga

Published Jul 28, 2015• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show theoretically and experimentally that the line shapes observed in ordinary electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) experiments in sodium atomic vapor can be explained by the superposition of two processes, EIT and N-type resonances (NTR). When the higher frequency side of the Doppler absorption profile is excited, EIT is dominant, whereas, for the lower frequency side, NTR is dominant, and, in between, interference between EIT and NTR takes place. Theoretical simulations, based on a perturbative approach, agreed reasonably well with the experimental observations. The signal behavior concerning ac Stark shifts has also been studied for EIT and NTR; it was found that, although the signal peak always shifts toward the higher frequency in the case of EIT, for NTR, the shift can be nullified by adjusting the power balance of the two incident beams.

DOI
10.1364/josab.32.001754

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We show theoretically and experimentally that the line shapes observed in ordinary electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) experiments in sodium atomic vapor can be explained by the superposition of two processes, EIT and N-type resonances (NTR). When the higher frequency side of the Doppler absorption profile is excited, EIT is dominant, whereas, for the lower frequency side, NTR is dominant, and, in between, interference between EIT and NTR takes place. Theoretical simulations, based on a perturbative approach, agreed reasonably well with the experimental observations. The signal behavior concerning ac Stark shifts has also been studied for EIT and NTR; it was found that, although the signal peak always shifts toward the higher frequency in the case of EIT, for NTR, the shift can be nullified by adjusting the power balance of the two incident beams.
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We have performed electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and two-photon absorption experiments in ladder-type three-level systems in a hot sodium atomic vapor, using the 3S1/2-3P1/2-4D3/2, 3S1/2-3P3/2-4D3/2,5/2, 3S1/2-3P1/2-5S1/2, and 3S1/2-3P3/2-5S1/2 transitions. In particular, in the most pronounced 3S1/2-3P1/2-4D3/2 system, we have observed quite unique spectral line shapes that are superpositions of sharp dips and peaks, in contrast to ordinary EIT spectra. The peaks and dips have apparently different physical origins, and the line shape can be interpreted as the interference between EIT and two-step excitation.
Abstract We report the observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a six-level Λ -type system in atomic Rb vapor containing both 87 Rb and 85 Rb. The experimental observation includes five velocity selective optically pumped (VSOP) absorption dips for both 87 Rb and 85 Rb. The EIT signal appears on the background of one such VSOP absorption dips. The measured EIT linewidth ( ) shows sub-natural ( ) values for both lower and higher values of pump Rabi-frequencies. The density matrix based theoretical model for the six-level system is developed and solved numerically by taking into account the Doppler broadening. A complete analytical solution (non perturbative) for a three level Λ -type system has been obtained and compared with the experimentally observed sub-natural EIT linewidth. The simulated spectra are in good agreement with the experimental findings.
We have simultaneously studied electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Raman Ramsey fringes (RRF) in sodium vapor, in the same theoretical framework and the same experimental scheme. RRF spectra and EIT spectra can be simply distinguished by whether the gate timing of the detection is set at the beginning (RRF) or at the end (EIT) of the excitation pulses. The EIT spectral peaks exhibited pronounced ac Stark shifts linearly depending upon the pumping power (8.8 kHz/mW), while in the RRF spectra such shifts were almost negligible (0.19 kHz/mW), provided that the pulse separation is sufficiently large. This fact promotes RRF as a strong candidate for next-generation compact atomic clocks. Transient spectra in between RRF and EIT have also been investigated by changing the gate timing within the excitation pulse, and the transition time from RRF to EIT was found to be of the order of a few microseconds.
Doppler narrowing, Zeeman and laser beam-shape effects in ΛΛΛ-type Electromagnetically Induced Transparency on the 85^{85}85Rb D2 line in a vapor cell
We study ΛΛΛ-type Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) on the Rb D2 transition in a buffer-gas-free thermal vapor cell without anti-relaxation coating. Experimental data show distinguished features of velocity-selective optical pumping and one EIT resonance. The Zeeman splitting of the EIT line in magnetic fields up to 12 Gauss is investigated. One Zeeman component is free of the first-order shift and its second-order shift agrees well with theory. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of this magnetic-field-insensitive EIT resonance is reduced due to Doppler narrowing, scales linearly in Rabi frequency over the range studied, and reaches about 100~kHz at the lowest powers. These observations agree with an analytic model for a Doppler-broadened medium developed in Ref. \cite{PhysRevA.66.013805,7653385}. Numerical simulation using the Lindblad equation reveals that the transverse laser intensity distribution and two ΛΛΛ-EIT systems must be included to fully account for the measured line width and line shape of the signals. Ground-state decoherence, caused by effects that include residual optical frequency fluctuations, atom-wall and trace-gas collisions, is discussed.
Complete electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in sodium vapor is demonstrated experimentally by means of excitation with a broadband multimode dye laser tuned on the D1{D}_{1}D1​ line. One hundred percent transparency is observed by excitation of the Na vapor with circularly polarized laser light. The linear polarization excitation produces, instead, complete destruction of the EIT resonance. For laser power density in the 0.1to1W∕cm20.1\phantom{\rule{0.5em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.5em}{0ex}}1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}0.1to1W∕cm2 range, the linewidth of the EIT resonance remains in the interval of 90−−400kHz90--400\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}90−−400kHz. This complete transparency of the medium in a narrow frequency interval is interesting for many applications where the enhancement of the refractive index is important and where the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio of the dark resonances allows a more sensitive measurement of weak magnetic fields.