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Physical Review A

Complete electromagnetically induced transparency in sodium atoms excited by a multimode dye laser

G. Alzetta, Silvia Gozzini, A. Lucchesini, S. Cartaleva, Todor S. Karaulanov, C. Marinelli, L. Moi

Published Jun 22, 2004• 30 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Complete electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in sodium vapor is demonstrated experimentally by means of excitation with a broadband multimode dye laser tuned on the ${D}_{1}$ line. One hundred percent transparency is observed by excitation of the Na vapor with circularly polarized laser light. The linear polarization excitation produces, instead, complete destruction of the EIT resonance. For laser power density in the $0.1\phantom{\rule{0.5em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.5em}{0ex}}1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ range, the linewidth of the EIT resonance remains in the interval of $90--400\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}$. This complete transparency of the medium in a narrow frequency interval is interesting for many applications where the enhancement of the refractive index is important and where the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio of the dark resonances allows a more sensitive measurement of weak magnetic fields.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.69.063815

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Complete electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in sodium vapor is demonstrated experimentally by means of excitation with a broadband multimode dye laser tuned on the D1{D}_{1}D1​ line. One hundred percent transparency is observed by excitation of the Na vapor with circularly polarized laser light. The linear polarization excitation produces, instead, complete destruction of the EIT resonance. For laser power density in the 0.1to1W∕cm20.1\phantom{\rule{0.5em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.5em}{0ex}}1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}0.1to1W∕cm2 range, the linewidth of the EIT resonance remains in the interval of 90−−400kHz90--400\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}90−−400kHz. This complete transparency of the medium in a narrow frequency interval is interesting for many applications where the enhancement of the refractive index is important and where the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio of the dark resonances allows a more sensitive measurement of weak magnetic fields.
We report on an investigation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in sodium vapour. In our experiment, sodium atoms are excited on the D1-line with laser radiation containing two components with a frequency difference close to that of the two hyperfine ground states of sodium (1.772 GHz). Such an excitation leads to coherent trapping of atomic population in “dark” superpositional states, which dramatically reduces the absorption of light. A frequency transparency window is measured to have a subnatural width, which is a clear indication of coherent population trapping. Dependence of EIT on laser frequencies and intensities, on the magnetic field strength as well as on the temperature of the sodium vapour is studied.
Abstract Interest in magnetically induced (MI) transitions of alkali metal atoms is caused by the fact that their intensities can exceed the intensities of ‘regular’ atomic transitions in a wide magnetic field range (200–4000 G). The goal of this work was to form and study, for the first time, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance in a strong magnetic field using probe radiation tuned to | F g = F , m F = 0 ⟩ → | F e = F , m F = 0 ⟩ MI transition, which is forbidden in zero magnetic fields. Two narrow-band linearly polarized cw diode lasers were used to form EIT resonance on a Λ-type system of a Cs atomic D 2 line in a strong transverse magnetic field (up to 1000 G). The resonance was formed in a Cs atomic vapor nanocell with an atomic vapor column thickness of 850 nm.
We present a detailed study of coherent population trapping (CPT) in the Hanle configuration in sodium atoms confined inside a glass cell and irradiated with a broadband multimode dye laser light resonant with the D1{D}_{1}D1​ line. The presence of several modes spaced by tens of MHz is effective in inhibiting hyperfine optical pumping, thus reducing losses and allowing for efficient trapping. A narrow resonance, whose width is of the order of 1 mG, is observed superimposed on the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance. Such a structure is more than two orders of magnitude narrower than the broader one, with significantly reduced power broadening. In order to describe this phenomenon, we developed a theoretical model, based on numerical solutions of density matrix equations, which takes into account the peculiarity of CPT induced by broadband multimode laser light. Results are shown to be in very good agreement with the experimental data. In this framework, the small width and the small amount of power broadening exhibited by this narrow spectral structure are related to the time spent by the atoms to re-enter the laser beam volume after collisions that preserve the orientation. This study offers insight into the mechanisms of atoms depolarization caused by collisions with the cell walls and represents a starting point for the development of techniques for the diagnostics of cell-coating parameters and new applications in metrology and magnetometry.
We have theoretically and experimentally investigated the V-type three-level system in hot sodium atomic vapor interacting with two optical waves: probe, resonant to the D1 line, and coupling, the D2 line. Theoretically, probe transmission spectra are simulated by using a perturbative treatment including eight hyperfine levels (multilevel system) in the 3S1/2, 3P1/2, and 3P3/2 states. The spectra are composed of linear absorption, saturated absorption, and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) signals. By comparing this simulation with the experimental results, we concluded that we have indeed observed EIT signals when the coupling beam is resonant to the D2-line closed transition.
In this paper we propose a simple method for eliminating the population losses of MC resonances by involving all atoms of the Na ground state in the formation of the narrow coherent resonances observed in the fluorescence when scanning around zero value the applied magnetic field. As a result, dark resonances with a contrast up to 100% have been observed. Results are obtained in two different experimental configurations: using laser excitation of linear and circular polarization, leading to different population redistribution among Zeeman and hf levels. Theoretical analysis of the results is also presented. It is shown that at certain conditions complete optical pumping of atoms to levels Fg=2, mFg=2 or mFg=-2 can be achieved, which means complete orientation of the atoms.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) was studied in a heated vapor cell of potassium without buffer gas or anti-relaxation coating. Transparency windows 60 times narrower than the natural line width and group indices exceeding 6000 were generated using a simple optical setup with a single free-running laser and an acousto-optic modulator. A longitudinal magnetic field was used to split the EIT feature into three components for either lin⊥\perp⊥lin or lin∥\parallel∥lin polarizations of probe and coupling beams. Measurements of polarization rotation revealed that only the lin∥\parallel∥lin configuration leads to circular birefringence, an effect which we attribute to quantum interference between the multiple Λ\LambdaΛ-type subsystems contributing to the signal. The Verdet constant of the EIT medium was measured to be (5.8±0.3)×104(5.8\pm 0.3)\times 10^4(5.8±0.3)×104 rad/T/m, and a novel measurement of group index for circular polarization based on birefringence was demonstrated. For larger fields, where the individual peaks were well resolved, resonant polarization rotations of (210±10)(210\pm10)(210±10) mrad/MHz were observed.