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Optics Letters

High Purcell factor in fiber Bragg gratings utilizing the fundamental slow-light mode

George Skolianos, Arushi Arora, Martin Bernier, Michel J. F. Digonnet

Published Jul 16, 2015• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate through numerical simulations that the slow-light resonances that exist in strong, apodized fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) fabricated with femtosecond pulses in deuterium-loaded fibers can exhibit very large intensity enhancements and Purcell factors with the proper optimization of their length. This potential is illustrated with two saturated FBGs that are less than 5 mm long and have been annealed to reduce their internal loss. The first one exhibits the largest measured Purcell factor in an all-fiber device (38.7), and the second one exhibits the largest intensity enhancement (1525). These devices are anticipated to have significant applications in quantum-dot lasers, nonlinear fiber devices, and cavity quantum-electrodynamics experiments.

DOI
10.1364/ol.40.003440

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We demonstrate through numerical simulations that the slow-light resonances that exist in strong, apodized fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) fabricated with femtosecond pulses in deuterium-loaded fibers can exhibit very large intensity enhancements and Purcell factors with the proper optimization of their length. This potential is illustrated with two saturated FBGs that are less than 5 mm long and have been annealed to reduce their internal loss. The first one exhibits the largest measured Purcell factor in an all-fiber device (38.7), and the second one exhibits the largest intensity enhancement (1525). These devices are anticipated to have significant applications in quantum-dot lasers, nonlinear fiber devices, and cavity quantum-electrodynamics experiments.
This Letter reports the behavior of the slow-light resonances of a strong apodized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in which the intrinsic loss is compensated for by a small internal gain. The 6.5-mm FBG, written with a femtosecond laser in an Er-doped single-mode fiber, was pumped at ∼ 1475 n m just below the lasing threshold to offset most of its intrinsic loss, thereby narrowing its resonances. The fundamental slow-light resonance was measured to have a linewidth of 8.5 fm, or a record group velocity of ∼ 22 k m / s , and a peak transmission near unity ( − 0.2 d B ). The measured dependencies of the linewidth and peak transmission on pump power agree well with a new model that predicts the transmission spectrum of loss-compensated FBGs in the presence of pump and signal saturation.
Funnelling the light emitted from quantum emitters like atoms, molecules, or defect centers into the guided mode of a single mode optical fiber is highly important for scaling up quantum optics experiments, since it provides the possibility to interconnect experiments at different locations and ensures high mode overlap of photons from different sources. Here, we present a photonic nanocavity on a tapered optical fiber. The cavities are formed by two Bragg mirrors fabricated by an ion beam [1]. Characterization in terms of transmission, reflection, and polarization are performed and compared with numerical simulations [2]. The quality factors of the fabricated devices can reach values over 300 while the mode volume is smaller than the cubic wavelength. Simulations indicate that a Purcell enhancement of 19.1 with 82 % coupling efficiency can be reached using this cavities. A comparison of cavities fabricated using a gallium beam is compared with cavities made using a helium beam giving insights about implantation of gallium in the ion beam milling fabrication of resonators. Using the knowledge from experiment and simulation, new designs for nanofiber Bragg grating cavities are developed and tested. [1] A W Schell et al. Sci. Rep. 5, 9619 (2015) [2] H Takashima et al. Opt. Express 24, 15050-15058 (2016)
Fiber Bragg gratings designed specifically for controlling the group velocity of light have been extensively studied in recent years to explore and improve their properties. Use of slow-light fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is increasingly recognized as an important component in the optical telecommunication networks, and plays a key role in resolving a problem of buffering of optical signals. This paper analyzes the slow light mechanism in FBG theoretically, explores the influences of different parameters of FBG on the characteristics of slow light by numerical simulation, and discusses the requirements for achieving large group delays.
We demonstrate both theoretically and numerically that slow light can enhance the stimulated emission of four-level atomic systems in photonic crystals. By applying the Bloch-Floquet formalism and the semiclassical physical model of harmonic oscillators coupled to electromagnetic fields, we develop a formalism that relates the group velocity of slow light to the conversion rate between the electric field and atomic potential energy. From our numerical study of the stimulated emission in fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and nongrating fiber, a ninefold enhancement of stimulated emission is observed in a FBG over the nongrating fiber when pumping at the band edge, while a 20-fold enhancement of is observed when the frequency of the stimulated emission approaches the band edge.
The influence of grating length and fringe visibility for slow light of fiber Bragg gratings were investigated by numerical simulation method,and slow light after optimizing the parameters was proposed emphatically.The results showed that the slow light delay increases with grating length and modulation depth,and change rates increases gradually.A certain bandwidth of resonance peaks on both sides of the side lobe and the peak top become extremely flattened.The slow light delay curves are red-shifted and short wave strengths increase to the opposite direction.The right side of the center frequency spectrum side band has a great vibration.By optimizing the structure parameters,the maximum group velocity can be lowed to c/98.This provides theoretical basis for designing the slow light devices based on fiber Bragg gratings.