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Acta Physica Sinica

Electromagnetically induced grating in a Λ-type three-level atomic system modulated by a microwave field

Tianhui Qiu, Guojian Yang

Published Jan 1, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the electromagnetically induced grating in a Λ -type three-level atomic system with a microwave field coupling the two ground states. The results show that the intensity of diffraction, especially the first-order diffraction, is increased remarkably due to the modulation and gain of the microwave field. If the parameters of the system are chosen properly, the intensity of the first-order diffraction goes up exponentially as the microwave intensity increases.

DOI
10.7498/aps.61.014205

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We investigate the electromagnetically induced grating in a Λ -type three-level atomic system with a microwave field coupling the two ground states. The results show that the intensity of diffraction, especially the first-order diffraction, is increased remarkably due to the modulation and gain of the microwave field. If the parameters of the system are chosen properly, the intensity of the first-order diffraction goes up exponentially as the microwave intensity increases.
Abstract We have theoretically studied the electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) in a three-level closed Λ-type atomic system. The upper level is coupled to the two lower levels via a strong control and a weak probe field. In addition to these two optical fields a weak microwave field is also applied to couple the lower two levels. Our results show that the relative phase of the three fields in the presence of microwave field enhances the dispersion in the medium and consequently provides control over magnitude of the diffraction intensities. We have optimized the system parameters such as strength of the fields and interaction length to attain increased first order diffraction. Furthermore, we have also studied the effects of probe detuning on diffraction intensities. Interestingly, the probe detuning results in suppression of the zeroth order intensity while increasing the higher order intensities.
In this paper, we theoretically investigate a scheme for both 1D and 2D electromagnetically induced gratings (EIGs) in M-type atomic systems in which two ground states are coupled by a microwave field. It is observed that the presence of a microwave field enhances the probe diffraction efficiency to higher orders, thus leading to the construction of phase gratings in 1D and 2D cases. The study shows that changing the system parameters numerically, such as the strength of the applied microwave field, standing wave field, and the length of the atomic medium, leads to modulation of diffraction efficiency into higher orders. The application of microwave fields is a more convenient parameter for attaining increased first-order diffraction. We believe that the proposed system with a microwave field can be used for designing novel microwave sensing devices for optical networking and communication.
We theoretically investigate the phenomena of electromagnetically induced grating in an M-type five-level atomic system. It is found that a weak field can be effectively diffracted into high-order directions using a standing wave coupling field, and different depths of the phase modulation can disperse the diffraction light into different orders. When the phase modulation depth is approximated to the orders of , and , the first-, second- and third-order diffraction intensity reach the maximum, respectively. Thus we can take advantage of the phase modulation to control the probe light dispersing into the required high orders.
We propose a scheme for generating an electromagnetically induced grating in a three-level Λ-type atomic system via multicolor coherence. Using the multicolour coupling field, the diffraction intensity of grating, especially the first-order diffraction can be significantly enhanced. The diffraction efficiency of grating can be controlled by changing the sum of the phases and the intensity of sidebands in the trichromatic driving field, and detuning the probe field frequency. This work may be useful for designing novel photonic devices for quantum information processing, quantum networking and optical imaging.
Electromagnetically induced phase grating (EIPG) is investigated in a microwave-coupled four-level atomic system, where the two closely spaced lower levels are driven by a microwave field. In the presence of a microwave field, the diffraction efficiency of grating is improved greatly by phase modulation. For this case, one can properly tune the interaction length of the atomic sample, modulate detuning of the microwave and the probe fields, and obtain the high diffraction efficiency of 32% approximately.
An electromagnetically induced phase grating (EIG) controlled by coherent population trapping (CPT) in a four-level Y-type atomic system is studied. The CPT condition promotes significantly the dispersion of light into the first-order diffraction in constructing a phase modulation grating by transferring energy from zero-order to first-order diffraction. The diffraction efficiency of the phase grating is enhanced by up to 30% of the total probe intensity at the first-order diffraction. The present atomic scheme takes full advantage of the microwave-driven field for generating the EIG, which induces the quantum coherence and controls linear and nonlinear behaviors of the present system. Furthermore, it is noticed that the higher-order diffraction intensities are improved via a microwave-driven field and the phase and amplitude of the microwave field can improve the efficiency of the phase grating. These novel results could find potential applications in developing new photonic devices, such as all-optical switching at low light levels.