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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

One- and two-dimensional electromagnetically induced gratings in a microwave-driven M-type atomic system

Anju Pal, Zubair Iqbal Dar, Paramjit Kaur

Published Feb 22, 2024• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we theoretically investigate a scheme for both 1D and 2D electromagnetically induced gratings (EIGs) in M-type atomic systems in which two ground states are coupled by a microwave field. It is observed that the presence of a microwave field enhances the probe diffraction efficiency to higher orders, thus leading to the construction of phase gratings in 1D and 2D cases. The study shows that changing the system parameters numerically, such as the strength of the applied microwave field, standing wave field, and the length of the atomic medium, leads to modulation of diffraction efficiency into higher orders. The application of microwave fields is a more convenient parameter for attaining increased first-order diffraction. We believe that the proposed system with a microwave field can be used for designing novel microwave sensing devices for optical networking and communication.

DOI
10.1364/josab.517644

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In this paper, we theoretically investigate a scheme for both 1D and 2D electromagnetically induced gratings (EIGs) in M-type atomic systems in which two ground states are coupled by a microwave field. It is observed that the presence of a microwave field enhances the probe diffraction efficiency to higher orders, thus leading to the construction of phase gratings in 1D and 2D cases. The study shows that changing the system parameters numerically, such as the strength of the applied microwave field, standing wave field, and the length of the atomic medium, leads to modulation of diffraction efficiency into higher orders. The application of microwave fields is a more convenient parameter for attaining increased first-order diffraction. We believe that the proposed system with a microwave field can be used for designing novel microwave sensing devices for optical networking and communication.
Abstract We proposed a theoretical scheme for two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) in a closed-loop four-level atomic system driven by a weak probe field, a traveling-wave control field, two orthogonal standing-wave fields and a microwave field. Due to low amplitude modulation accompanied with large phase modulation, EIG can be obtained and the probe energy can be diffracted into first-order and even high-order directions with high efficiency. The results show that the diffraction pattern and efficiency of the EIG could be adjusted effectively by the probe field detuning, the coherent field intensity, the interaction length. Meanwhile, the quantum interference between the amplitude modulation and phase modulation can be manipulated by the relative phase, which can be used to regulate the diffraction pattern and efficiency of the 2D EIG. Our scheme of 2D EIG may be useful in beam splitting and all-optical switching.
A microwave driven five-level X-type atomic system is proposed to diffract weak probe light into higher-order directions via the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced grating. In the proposed scheme, the effect of various system and field parameters on its higher-order diffraction efficiency is studied. The present atomic scheme offers excellent control over higher-order diffraction intensities by utilizing the microwave induced quantum interference effect. It is observed that the desired first-order diffraction efficiency can be attained through optimal selection of microwave field strength and relative phase factor.
A new scheme to investigate an electromagnetically induced grating in an N-type configuration in the presence of a strong-standing coupling field, additional coherent fields, and microwave driven fields is presented. By considering the coherent population trapping (CPT) condition in a four-level microwave driven N-type atomic system, a novel nonlinear optical storage is obtained via linear absorption vanishing and giant Kerr nonlinearity during light propagation. It is revealed that nonlinear properties in this atomic medium are maximum in the CPT condition, and these nonlinear properties could be affected and modulated by means of a microwave driven field. In this condition high-phase modulated diffraction efficiency is attained. The diffraction pattern is sensitive to variables of the phase and amplitude of microwave field. Consequently one can control the efficiency of different orders of grating more conveniently. The first-order diffraction efficiency of the grating, about 45%, can be obtained by choosing optimum values for the phase and amplitude of the microwave field. It is shown that the phase and modulation grating could be controlled effectively by atomic field-radiation parameters such as the interaction length L of atomic samples and applied field detunings. It has been noted that a novel fast communication device could be obtained at the zero absorption point and on the superluminal light level.
An electromagnetically induced phase grating (EIG) controlled by coherent population trapping (CPT) in a four-level Y-type atomic system is studied. The CPT condition promotes significantly the dispersion of light into the first-order diffraction in constructing a phase modulation grating by transferring energy from zero-order to first-order diffraction. The diffraction efficiency of the phase grating is enhanced by up to 30% of the total probe intensity at the first-order diffraction. The present atomic scheme takes full advantage of the microwave-driven field for generating the EIG, which induces the quantum coherence and controls linear and nonlinear behaviors of the present system. Furthermore, it is noticed that the higher-order diffraction intensities are improved via a microwave-driven field and the phase and amplitude of the microwave field can improve the efficiency of the phase grating. These novel results could find potential applications in developing new photonic devices, such as all-optical switching at low light levels.
Abstract We have theoretically studied the electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) in a three-level closed Λ-type atomic system. The upper level is coupled to the two lower levels via a strong control and a weak probe field. In addition to these two optical fields a weak microwave field is also applied to couple the lower two levels. Our results show that the relative phase of the three fields in the presence of microwave field enhances the dispersion in the medium and consequently provides control over magnitude of the diffraction intensities. We have optimized the system parameters such as strength of the fields and interaction length to attain increased first order diffraction. Furthermore, we have also studied the effects of probe detuning on diffraction intensities. Interestingly, the probe detuning results in suppression of the zeroth order intensity while increasing the higher order intensities.
We propose a scheme for effectively creating a type of all optical device called electromagnetically induced two-dimensional grating by utilizing a four-level coherent atomic medium, which is coherently driven by two orthogonal standing-wave fields. With a far-off resonant trigger field, a spatially modulated cross-phase modulation takes place accompanied by vanishing absorption. The resulting phase grating can diffract the probe beam into high-order directions. When a resonant trigger field is applied on the atoms, the probe obtains gain without inversion due to the atomic coherence effect. And then a gain-phase grating is formed. The diffraction efficiency can be significantly improved compared with that of phase grating. The results show that the diffraction efficiencies attainable by the gratings strongly depend on the interaction length, coherent field intensity, probe field detuning and coherent field detuning. Therefore, the proposed gratings can be used as two-dimensional multi-channel beam splitter which have potential application in optical networking and communication.