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Applied Optics

Electromagnetically induced grating in the microwave-driven four-level atomic systems

Rasoul Sadighi‐Bonabi, Tayebeh Naseri, Morteza Navadeh-Toupchi

Published Jan 9, 2015• 33 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new scheme to investigate an electromagnetically induced grating in an N-type configuration in the presence of a strong-standing coupling field, additional coherent fields, and microwave driven fields is presented. By considering the coherent population trapping (CPT) condition in a four-level microwave driven N-type atomic system, a novel nonlinear optical storage is obtained via linear absorption vanishing and giant Kerr nonlinearity during light propagation. It is revealed that nonlinear properties in this atomic medium are maximum in the CPT condition, and these nonlinear properties could be affected and modulated by means of a microwave driven field. In this condition high-phase modulated diffraction efficiency is attained. The diffraction pattern is sensitive to variables of the phase and amplitude of microwave field. Consequently one can control the efficiency of different orders of grating more conveniently. The first-order diffraction efficiency of the grating, about 45%, can be obtained by choosing optimum values for the phase and amplitude of the microwave field. It is shown that the phase and modulation grating could be controlled effectively by atomic field-radiation parameters such as the interaction length L of atomic samples and applied field detunings. It has been noted that a novel fast communication device could be obtained at the zero absorption point and on the superluminal light level.

DOI
10.1364/ao.54.000368

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A new scheme to investigate an electromagnetically induced grating in an N-type configuration in the presence of a strong-standing coupling field, additional coherent fields, and microwave driven fields is presented. By considering the coherent population trapping (CPT) condition in a four-level microwave driven N-type atomic system, a novel nonlinear optical storage is obtained via linear absorption vanishing and giant Kerr nonlinearity during light propagation. It is revealed that nonlinear properties in this atomic medium are maximum in the CPT condition, and these nonlinear properties could be affected and modulated by means of a microwave driven field. In this condition high-phase modulated diffraction efficiency is attained. The diffraction pattern is sensitive to variables of the phase and amplitude of microwave field. Consequently one can control the efficiency of different orders of grating more conveniently. The first-order diffraction efficiency of the grating, about 45%, can be obtained by choosing optimum values for the phase and amplitude of the microwave field. It is shown that the phase and modulation grating could be controlled effectively by atomic field-radiation parameters such as the interaction length L of atomic samples and applied field detunings. It has been noted that a novel fast communication device could be obtained at the zero absorption point and on the superluminal light level.
An electromagnetically induced phase grating (EIG) controlled by coherent population trapping (CPT) in a four-level Y-type atomic system is studied. The CPT condition promotes significantly the dispersion of light into the first-order diffraction in constructing a phase modulation grating by transferring energy from zero-order to first-order diffraction. The diffraction efficiency of the phase grating is enhanced by up to 30% of the total probe intensity at the first-order diffraction. The present atomic scheme takes full advantage of the microwave-driven field for generating the EIG, which induces the quantum coherence and controls linear and nonlinear behaviors of the present system. Furthermore, it is noticed that the higher-order diffraction intensities are improved via a microwave-driven field and the phase and amplitude of the microwave field can improve the efficiency of the phase grating. These novel results could find potential applications in developing new photonic devices, such as all-optical switching at low light levels.
Electromagnetically induced phase grating (EIPG) is investigated in a microwave-coupled four-level atomic system, where the two closely spaced lower levels are driven by a microwave field. In the presence of a microwave field, the diffraction efficiency of grating is improved greatly by phase modulation. For this case, one can properly tune the interaction length of the atomic sample, modulate detuning of the microwave and the probe fields, and obtain the high diffraction efficiency of 32% approximately.
In this paper, we theoretically investigate a scheme for both 1D and 2D electromagnetically induced gratings (EIGs) in M-type atomic systems in which two ground states are coupled by a microwave field. It is observed that the presence of a microwave field enhances the probe diffraction efficiency to higher orders, thus leading to the construction of phase gratings in 1D and 2D cases. The study shows that changing the system parameters numerically, such as the strength of the applied microwave field, standing wave field, and the length of the atomic medium, leads to modulation of diffraction efficiency into higher orders. The application of microwave fields is a more convenient parameter for attaining increased first-order diffraction. We believe that the proposed system with a microwave field can be used for designing novel microwave sensing devices for optical networking and communication.
The electromagnetically induced grating is investigated in a four-level double V-type quantum system. It is shown that the electromagnetically induced transparency established by the cross-Kerr nonlinear effect can be canceled by the four-wave mixing in a closed-loop atomic system and that the diffraction of the probe beam depends on the relative phase of the applied fields and can be controlled by this parameter. We find that an additional nonlinear contribution is established in the medium response by applying a microwave field to the system and that the electromagnetically induced absorption grating turns to the electromagnetically induced phase grating. This contribution leads to 100% diffraction efficiency in the first-order direction, so we can say that the proposed grating could be considered as a special candidate for the optical networking and communication.
We proposed a scheme for realizing electromagnetically induced grating via the giant Kerr nonlinearity in a coherently driven four-level system with spontaneously generated coherence. In the presence of spontaneously generated coherence,Kerr nonlinearity could be enhanced with vanishing linear absorption. Thus,with a standingwave coupling field,one could achieve a pure absorption grating,which led the probe field to gather the zero-order direction when the detuning of the coupling field was on resonance. Moreover,we could obtain a pure phase grating,which diffracted a weak probe light into the first-order direction and the second-order direction when the detuning of the coupling field was off resonance.
We propose a scheme for effectively creating a type of all optical device called electromagnetically induced two-dimensional grating by utilizing a four-level coherent atomic medium, which is coherently driven by two orthogonal standing-wave fields. With a far-off resonant trigger field, a spatially modulated cross-phase modulation takes place accompanied by vanishing absorption. The resulting phase grating can diffract the probe beam into high-order directions. When a resonant trigger field is applied on the atoms, the probe obtains gain without inversion due to the atomic coherence effect. And then a gain-phase grating is formed. The diffraction efficiency can be significantly improved compared with that of phase grating. The results show that the diffraction efficiencies attainable by the gratings strongly depend on the interaction length, coherent field intensity, probe field detuning and coherent field detuning. Therefore, the proposed gratings can be used as two-dimensional multi-channel beam splitter which have potential application in optical networking and communication.