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Acta Physica Sinica

Loading and cooling of cesium atoms in 3D optical lattice

Qiu Ying, Jun He, Yanhua Wang, Wang Jing, Tiancai Zhang, Junmin Wang, 山西大学光电研究所，量子光学与光量子器件国家重点实验室，太原 030006

Published Jan 1, 2008• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A four-beam 3D near-resonant optical lattice system is implemented and cold atoms are loaded into the optical lattice based on cesium magneto-optical trap and optical molasses. The dependence of the final temperature due to the Sisyphus cooling on the intensity and the frequency detuning of optical lattice are experiemently investigated，and the lifetime of the cold atoms in optical lattice are measured via the short-distance time_of_flight absorption spectra.

DOI
10.7498/aps.57.6227

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Acta Scicentiarum Naturalum Universitis Pekinesis•Jan 1, 2001•1 citation
A four-beam 3D near-resonant optical lattice system is implemented and cold atoms are loaded into the optical lattice based on cesium magneto-optical trap and optical molasses. The dependence of the final temperature due to the Sisyphus cooling on the intensity and the frequency detuning of optical lattice are experiemently investigated，and the lifetime of the cold atoms in optical lattice are measured via the short-distance time_of_flight absorption spectra.
The four-beam 3D near-resonance optical lattice is introduced and experimentally realized based on the magneto-optical trap and optical molasses.The temperature of cold cesium atoms loaded into the lattice is measured via the short-distance time of flight(TOF) absorption spectrum.By changing the intensity and detuning of lattice beams,the lowest temperature in that case is obtained.The parameter dependence of the temperature of the cold atoms in lattice is experimentally investigated,and a comparison with the case of optical molasses is briefly discussed.
Laser cooling of atoms is the basis of researches on ultracold atoms and molecules. It is of great importance in the study of precision measurement and quantum simulation, etc. In order to obtain ultracold cesium atomic sample with a lower temperature and a higher density, as the starting point to create ultracold cesium ground state molecules, we demonstrate in this article a method which effectively overcomes the heating from the reabsorption of scattered light in magneto-optical trap to further reduce the ultracold atomic temperature by loading atoms into a 3D optical lattices. Based on obtaining the ultracold Cs atoms in a standard magneto-optical trap, we use the compressed magneto-optical trap technology to increase ultracold Cs atomic density. Efficient loading of ultracold Cs atoms is achieved by 3D optical lattices which constructed by four lasers; the temperature of the atoms is measured by time-of-flight method. We observed the cooling result that the temperature drops from ~60.0 μK to ~11.6 μK. We also explore the dependence of the atom numbers in the lattice on the frequency of lattice lasers, and lead to the conclusion that the loading rate of the optical lattices reaches its maximum when the lattices laser’s detuning is –15.5 GHz. In the meantime, this paper investigates the use of optical lattice to suppress the heating of the ultracold atoms due to the radiation photons, in this sense, our research has far-reaching significance. Our scheme is advantageous due to its relaxed starting temperature requirement, meaning that 3D DRSC can be directly accomplished in a standard single cell vapour-loaded MOT without reliance on any additional devices such as a Zeeman slower.
A complete laser cooling setup was built, with focus on threedimensional near-resonant optical lattices for cesium. These consist of regularly ordered micropotentials, created by the interference of four laser beams. One key feature of optical lattices is an inherent ”Sisyphus cooling” process. It efficiently extracts kinetic energy from the atoms, leading to equilibrium temperatures of a few µK. The corresponding kinetic energy is lower than the depth of the potential wells, so that atoms can be trapped.We performed detailed studies of the cooling processes in optical lattices by using the time-of-flight and absorption-imaging techniques. We investigated the dependence of the equilibrium temperature on the optical lattice parameters, such as detuning, optical potential and lattice geometry. The presence of neighbouring transitions in the cesium hyperfine level structure was used to break symmetries in order to identify, which role “red” and “blue” transitions play in the cooling. We also examined the limits for the cooling process in optical lattices, and the possible difference in steady-state velocity distributions for different directions. Moreover, in collaboration with ´Ecole Normale Sup´erieure in Paris, numerical simulations were performed in order to get more insight in the cooling dynamics of optical lattices.Optical lattices can keep atoms almost perfectly isolated from the environment and have therefore been suggested as a platform for a host of possible experiments aimed at coherent quantum manipulations, such as spin-squeezing and the implementation of quantum logic-gates. We developed a novel way to trap two different cesium ground states in two distinct, interpenetrating optical lattices, and to change the distance between sites of one lattice relative to sites of the other lattice. This is a first step towards the implementation of quantum simulation schemes in optical lattices.
We report the observation of three-dimensional cooling of cesium atoms using a four-beam optical molasses tuned to the blue side of the Fg{\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{g}}Fg​=3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Fe{\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{e}}Fe​=2 hyperfine component of the 6S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6P3/2{\mathit{P}}_{3/2}P3/2​ transition. The cooling mechanism is a Sisyphus effect involving atomic states that are nearly uncoupled from the light field. Starting from a magneto-optical trap at 70 \ensuremath{\mu}K, the cooling time was on the order of 1 ms with almost 100% capture efficiency and temperature smaller than 5 \ensuremath{\mu}K measured. We also present a probe transmission spectrum showing that almost all the atoms are found in the nearly dark states.