Physical Review A

Three-dimensional cooling of cesium atoms in four-beam gray optical molasses

Denis Boiron, C. Triché, D. R. Meacher, Philippe Verkerk, G. Grynberg

Published Nov 1, 1995• 68 citations

Abstract

We report the observation of three-dimensional cooling of cesium atoms using a four-beam optical molasses tuned to the blue side of the ${\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{g}}$=3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{e}}$=2 hyperfine component of the 6${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6${\mathit{P}}_{3/2}$ transition. The cooling mechanism is a Sisyphus effect involving atomic states that are nearly uncoupled from the light field. Starting from a magneto-optical trap at 70 \ensuremath{\mu}K, the cooling time was on the order of 1 ms with almost 100% capture efficiency and temperature smaller than 5 \ensuremath{\mu}K measured. We also present a probe transmission spectrum showing that almost all the atoms are found in the nearly dark states.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.r3425

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Laser cooling of cesium atoms in gray optical molasses down to 1.1 μK

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A four-beam 3D near-resonant optical lattice system is implemented and cold atoms are loaded into the optical lattice based on cesium magneto-optical trap and optical molasses. The dependence of the final temperature due to the Sisyphus cooling on the intensity and the frequency detuning of optical lattice are experiemently investigated，and the lifetime of the cold atoms in optical lattice are measured via the short-distance time_of_flight absorption spectra.

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Physical Review A

Three-dimensional cooling of cesium atoms in four-beam gray optical molasses

Denis Boiron, C. Triché, D. R. Meacher, Philippe Verkerk, G. Grynberg

Published Nov 1, 1995• 68 citations

Publisher

Abstract

We report the observation of three-dimensional cooling of cesium atoms using a four-beam optical molasses tuned to the blue side of the

{\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{g}}

=3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}

{\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{e}}

=2 hyperfine component of the 6

{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}

\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6

{\mathit{P}}_{3/2}

transition. The cooling mechanism is a Sisyphus effect involving atomic states that are nearly uncoupled from the light field. Starting from a magneto-optical trap at 70 \ensuremath{\mu}K, the cooling time was on the order of 1 ms with almost 100% capture efficiency and temperature smaller than 5 \ensuremath{\mu}K measured. We also present a probe transmission spectrum showing that almost all the atoms are found in the nearly dark states.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.r3425

Related papers

Laser cooling of cesium atoms in gray optical molasses down to 1.1 μK

Denis Boiron, A. Michaud, P. Lemonde +6 more

We have studied the behavior of cesium atoms cooled in six-beam "gray" optical molasses. Cooling occurs for a laser detuned to the blue side of the $6{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ , $F=3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$, ${F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2$ transition, and a Sisyphus-type effect accumulates the atoms in states not coupled to the light. We measure a minimum temperature of 1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 \ensuremath{\mu}K at low atomic density. The typical cooling time is on the order of 1 ms. A linear dependence of the temperature versus atomic density is found with a slope of \ensuremath{\sim}0.6 \ensuremath{\mu}K/( ${10}^{10}$ atoms/ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ ).We have studied the behavior of cesium atoms cooled in six-beam "gray" optical molasses. Cooling occurs for a laser detuned to the blue side of the $6{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, $F=3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$, ${F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2$ transition, and a Sisyphus-type effect accumulates the atoms in states not coupled to the light. We measure a minimum temperature of 1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 \ensuremath{\mu}K at low atomic density. The typical cooling time is on the order of 1 ms. A linear dependence of the temperature versus atomic density is found with a slope of \ensuremath{\sim}0.6 \ensuremath{\mu}K/(${10}^{10}$ atoms/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$).

Physical Review AJun 1, 199691 citations

Λ -enhanced gray-molasses cooling of cesium atoms on the D2 line

Ya-Fen Hsiao, Y.-J. Lin, Ying-Cheng Chen

We present a systematic study of the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-enhanced gray molasses cooling ($\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-GMC) of cesium atoms on the ${D}_{2}$ transition. Due to the large splitting in the excited hyperfine transitions of the cesium ${D}_{2}$ line, it is relatively simple to implement the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-GMC with a suitable frequency control of the trapping and repumping lasers of the magneto-optical trap (MOT). We achieve a temperature of $1.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ with $3.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}$ atoms. The phase space density of atoms is $1.43\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. Compared to the condition with a bare MOT or a MOT with gray-molasses cooling without $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ enhancement, there is an increase in the phase space density by a factor of more than ${10}^{3}$ and 10, respectively.We present a systematic study of the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-enhanced gray molasses cooling ($\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-GMC) of cesium atoms on the ${D}_{2}$ transition. Due to the large splitting in the excited hyperfine transitions of the cesium ${D}_{2}$ line, it is relatively simple to implement the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-GMC with a suitable frequency control of the trapping and repumping lasers of the magneto-optical trap (MOT). We achieve a temperature of $1.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ with $3.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}$ atoms. The phase space density of atoms is $1.43\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. Compared to the condition with a bare MOT or a MOT with gray-molasses cooling without $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ enhancement, there is an increase in the phase space density by a factor of more than ${10}^{3}$ and 10, respectively.

arXiv:1807.05745Physical Review ASep 28, 201820 citations

Sub-Doppler cooling of sodium atoms in gray molasses

Giacomo Colzi, Gianmaria Durastante, Eleonora Fava +3 more

We report on the realization of sub-Doppler laser cooling of sodium atoms in gray molasses using the ${D}_{1}$ optical transition $(3s\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{2}S_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{1/2})$ at 589.8 nm. The technique is applied to samples containing $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ atoms, previously cooled to $350\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ in a magneto-optical trap, and it leads to temperatures as low as $9\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ and phase-space densities in the range of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. The capture efficiency of the gray molasses is larger than 2/3, and we observe no density-dependent heating for densities up to ${10}^{11}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$.We report on the realization of sub-Doppler laser cooling of sodium atoms in gray molasses using the ${D}_{1}$ optical transition $(3s\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{2}S_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{1/2})$ at 589.8 nm. The technique is applied to samples containing $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ atoms, previously cooled to $350\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ in a magneto-optical trap, and it leads to temperatures as low as $9\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ and phase-space densities in the range of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. The capture efficiency of the gray molasses is larger than 2/3, and we observe no density-dependent heating for densities up to ${10}^{11}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$.

arXiv:1512.07053Physical Review AFeb 18, 201645 citations

Loading and cooling of cesium atoms in 3D optical lattice

Qiu Ying, Jun He, Yanhua Wang +4 more

Acta Physica SinicaJan 1, 20084 citations

Sub-Doppler laser cooling of fermionic 40 K atoms in three-dimensional gray optical molasses

Diogo Fernandes, F. Sievers, N. Kretzschmar +3 more

arXiv:1210.1310Europhysics Letters (EPL)Dec 1, 2012108 citations

Sub-Doppler laser cooling of40K with Raman gray molasses on the ${D}_{2}$ lineSub-Doppler laser cooling of40K with Raman gray molasses on the ${D}_{2}$ line

G D Bruce, E Haller, Bruno Peaudecerf +6 more

Gray molasses is a powerful tool for sub-Doppler laser cooling of atoms to low temperatures. For alkaline atoms, this technique is commonly implemented with cooling lasers which are blue-detuned from either the D 1 or D 2 line. Here we show that efficient gray molasses can be implemented on the D 2 line of 40 K with red -detuned lasers. We obtained temperatures of , which enables direct loading of atoms from a magneto-optical trap into an optical dipole trap. We support our findings by a one-dimensional model and three-dimensional numerical simulations of the optical Bloch equations which qualitatively reproduce the experimentally observed cooling effects.Gray molasses is a powerful tool for sub-Doppler laser cooling of atoms to low temperatures. For alkaline atoms, this technique is commonly implemented with cooling lasers which are blue-detuned from either the D 1 or D 2 line. Here we show that efficient gray molasses can be implemented on the D 2 line of 40 K with red -detuned lasers. We obtained temperatures of , which enables direct loading of atoms from a magneto-optical trap into an optical dipole trap. We support our findings by a one-dimensional model and three-dimensional numerical simulations of the optical Bloch equations which qualitatively reproduce the experimentally observed cooling effects.

arXiv:1612.04583Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical PhysicsApr 12, 201724 citations

We report the observation of three-dimensional cooling of cesium atoms using a four-beam optical molasses tuned to the blue side of the

{\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{g}}

=3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}

{\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{e}}

=2 hyperfine component of the 6

{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}

\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6

{\mathit{P}}_{3/2}

We have studied the behavior of cesium atoms cooled in six-beam "gray" optical molasses. Cooling occurs for a laser detuned to the blue side of the

6{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}

, $F=3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$, ${F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2$ transition, and a Sisyphus-type effect accumulates the atoms in states not coupled to the light. We measure a minimum temperature of 1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 \ensuremath{\mu}K at low atomic density. The typical cooling time is on the order of 1 ms. A linear dependence of the temperature versus atomic density is found with a slope of \ensuremath{\sim}0.6 \ensuremath{\mu}K/(

{10}^{10}

atoms/

{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}

We present a systematic study of the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-enhanced gray molasses cooling ($\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-GMC) of cesium atoms on the

{D}_{2}

transition. Due to the large splitting in the excited hyperfine transitions of the cesium

{D}_{2}

line, it is relatively simple to implement the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-GMC with a suitable frequency control of the trapping and repumping lasers of the magneto-optical trap (MOT). We achieve a temperature of $1.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ with $3.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}$ atoms. The phase space density of atoms is $1.43\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. Compared to the condition with a bare MOT or a MOT with gray-molasses cooling without $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ enhancement, there is an increase in the phase space density by a factor of more than

{10}^{3}

and 10, respectively.

We report on the realization of sub-Doppler laser cooling of sodium atoms in gray molasses using the

{D}_{1}

optical transition $(3s\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{2}S_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{1/2})$ at 589.8 nm. The technique is applied to samples containing $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ atoms, previously cooled to $350\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ in a magneto-optical trap, and it leads to temperatures as low as $9\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ and phase-space densities in the range of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. The capture efficiency of the gray molasses is larger than 2/3, and we observe no density-dependent heating for densities up to ${10}^{11}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$.

Sub-Doppler laser cooling of40K with Raman gray molasses on the

{D}_{2}

line