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Acta Scicentiarum Naturalum Universitis Pekinesis

Obtaining Ultra-cold Atoms by Optical Molasses Directly from Vapor

Jidong Hou

Published Jan 1, 2001• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

Usually the magneto\|optical trap(MOT)is used to obtain the cold atoms from the vapor.It is reported that experiments for obtaining the ultra\|cold cesium atoms by optical molasses directly from the vapor cell without MOT.The lowest temperature achieved for the cesium atomic cloud was 3?μK.The relationship between the temperature and the detuning of cooling laser was measured.

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Usually the magneto|optical trap(MOT)is used to obtain the cold atoms from the vapor.It is reported that experiments for obtaining the ultra|cold cesium atoms by optical molasses directly from the vapor cell without MOT.The lowest temperature achieved for the cesium atomic cloud was 3?μK.The relationship between the temperature and the detuning of cooling laser was measured.
We have produced a very cold sample of spin-polarized trapped atoms. The technique used dramatically simplifies the production of laser-cooled atoms. In this experiment, 1.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}107{10}^{7}107 neutral cesium atoms were optically captured directly from a low-pressure vapor in a small glass cell. We then cooled the 1-mm3{\mathrm{mm}}^{3}mm3 cloud of trapped atoms and loaded it into a low-field magnetic trap in the same cell. The magnetically trapped atoms had an effective temperature as low as 1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 \ensuremath{\mu}K, which is the lowest kinetic temperature ever observed and far colder than any previous sample of trapped atoms.
We report the basic idea and experimental demonstration of measuring the temperature of cold cesium atomic cloud confined in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) by analyzing absorption spectrum observed in the short-distance time-of-flight (TOF) method. Compared with the conventional TOF scheme, we measure the temperature of cold atomic cloud in MOT by short-distance TOF method for our small vapor cell. If the cold atomic cloud is released, it will fall and expand due to gravity and its initial velocity distribution. Utilizing a cylindrical resonant probe beam positioned several millimeters beneath the MOT (in this paper, we analyzed the cases for 3mm, 5mm, and 8mm of center-to-center distance between the MOT region and the probe beam, respectively), we can record the short-distance TOF absorption spectrum with a photodiode when cold atoms go through the probe region. Analysis of the short-distance TOF absorption spectrum yields the effective temperature of the cold cloud in MOT.
A cesium double magneto-optical trap(MOT) system is established to prepare the cold atoms in the ultra-high-vacuum(UHV) chamber for cavity quantum electrodynamics(Cavity-QED) experiment.Utilizing a focused weak continuous-wave laser beam,the cold cesium atoms,which are cooled and trapped from the slow tail of cesium vapor at room temperature,are continuously transferred from vapor-cell MOT to UHV MOT.The effect of the transfer laser detuning upon the steady-state atoms number in UHV MOT,and loading process of double MOT are experimentally investigated.Typical pressures of the vapor-cell MOT and UHV MOT are(～1×10~(-6) Pa) and(～8×10~(-8) Pa,) respectively.Normally(～5×10~7) and(～5×10~6) cold cesium atoms with effective temperature of(72±4 μK) are loaded into the vapor-cell MOT and UHV MOT.
Laser cooling of atoms is the basis of researches on ultracold atoms and molecules. It is of great importance in the study of precision measurement and quantum simulation, etc. In order to obtain ultracold cesium atomic sample with a lower temperature and a higher density, as the starting point to create ultracold cesium ground state molecules, we demonstrate in this article a method which effectively overcomes the heating from the reabsorption of scattered light in magneto-optical trap to further reduce the ultracold atomic temperature by loading atoms into a 3D optical lattices. Based on obtaining the ultracold Cs atoms in a standard magneto-optical trap, we use the compressed magneto-optical trap technology to increase ultracold Cs atomic density. Efficient loading of ultracold Cs atoms is achieved by 3D optical lattices which constructed by four lasers; the temperature of the atoms is measured by time-of-flight method. We observed the cooling result that the temperature drops from ~60.0 μK to ~11.6 μK. We also explore the dependence of the atom numbers in the lattice on the frequency of lattice lasers, and lead to the conclusion that the loading rate of the optical lattices reaches its maximum when the lattices laser’s detuning is –15.5 GHz. In the meantime, this paper investigates the use of optical lattice to suppress the heating of the ultracold atoms due to the radiation photons, in this sense, our research has far-reaching significance. Our scheme is advantageous due to its relaxed starting temperature requirement, meaning that 3D DRSC can be directly accomplished in a standard single cell vapour-loaded MOT without reliance on any additional devices such as a Zeeman slower.