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Chinese Physics Letters

Magneto-Optical Trap of Cesium Atoms

Jian-hua Gan, Yimin Li, Xuzong Chen, Haifeng Liu, Donghai Yang, Yiqiu Wang

Published Nov 1, 1996• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have trapped a cold sample of cesium atoms in a magneto-optical trap. The damped harmonic force of magneto-optical trap was used to capture and trap the cesium atoms directly from a room temperature vapor. About 1.5 × 10 7 cesium atoms with a density of 3 × 10 9 atoms/cm 3 formed a 4 mm 3 cesium atomic cloud with temperature below 500 μK.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/13/11/006

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We have trapped a cold sample of cesium atoms in a magneto-optical trap. The damped harmonic force of magneto-optical trap was used to capture and trap the cesium atoms directly from a room temperature vapor. About 1.5 × 10 7 cesium atoms with a density of 3 × 10 9 atoms/cm 3 formed a 4 mm 3 cesium atomic cloud with temperature below 500 μK.
We have produced a very cold sample of spin-polarized trapped atoms. The technique used dramatically simplifies the production of laser-cooled atoms. In this experiment, 1.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}107{10}^{7}107 neutral cesium atoms were optically captured directly from a low-pressure vapor in a small glass cell. We then cooled the 1-mm3{\mathrm{mm}}^{3}mm3 cloud of trapped atoms and loaded it into a low-field magnetic trap in the same cell. The magnetically trapped atoms had an effective temperature as low as 1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 \ensuremath{\mu}K, which is the lowest kinetic temperature ever observed and far colder than any previous sample of trapped atoms.
We report on the observation of a new laser trap for neutral atoms. It uses three orthogonal pairs of counterpropagating laser beams having linear polarizations at 45° and a quadrupole magnetic field. 10 8 cesium atoms were thus confined in a 0.15 mm 3 volume at a temperature of 60 μK, a factor of 2 below the Doppler cooling limit. We interpret this trapping as being due to the new magneto-optical force recently observed by Grimm et al. and which is essentially a dipole force rectified by the magnetic field. This trap opens new possibilities for increasing the phase-space density of laser-cooled atoms.
The results of characterization of cold cloud of cesium (Cs) atoms trapped in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) have been presented. The MOT is a part of the Physics package of the Cs Fountain Clock being developed at National Physical Laboratory (NPL), India. The number of atoms, size and temperature of the cloud have been measured and calculated. It is also been investigated how the number of trapped atoms changes with the trapping laser’s beam intensity, detuning and magnetic-field gradient of the trap.
Based on the realization of magneto-optical trap for cesium atom in China, great improvement is achieved on its performance. In the new experimental setup, a laser battery in stepwise injection-locking scheme is developed as laser source, which has more output power and better beam quality than the previous one. Under the optimum working condition, cesium atoms of more than 10 9 with the density of 10 11 atoms/cm 3 are trapped to form an atomic cloud with the diameter of 3 mm. Compared with previous results, both the number of trapped atoms and the density of atomic cloud are increased in two orders of magnitude.