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Quantum Electronics Letters Praseodymium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers : Theory of 1 .3 pm Operation

Paul Urquhart

Published Jan 1, 1992• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

An approximate theoretical model of optical am- plification in a praseodymium-doped fiber amplifier, which is optically pumped at about 1 pm and amplifies signals at about 1.3 pm, is presented. The variation of gain with respect to fiber length in both small-signal and saturated operation is reported and the adverse influences of a lower level bottleneck and a multiphonon cascade from the pump band are discussed. RAVELING wave optical fiber based amplifiers,

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An approximate theoretical model of optical am- plification in a praseodymium-doped fiber amplifier, which is optically pumped at about 1 pm and amplifies signals at about 1.3 pm, is presented. The variation of gain with respect to fiber length in both small-signal and saturated operation is reported and the adverse influences of a lower level bottleneck and a multiphonon cascade from the pump band are discussed. RAVELING wave optical fiber based amplifiers,
Optical fiber communication is of great importance in information transmission. Increasing the transmission capacity of optical fiber systems is a solution to meet the increasing demand for information, in which rare earth ion-doped fiber amplifiers play an important role. In this paper, the quasi-quadruple-energy structure of is equated and simplified to a conventional triple-energy structure to improve amplification's efficiency and significance. By exploring the influence of many factors on the praseodymium-doped fiber amplifier, the amplification band with gain window between 1250-1350nm is verified, and the amplification of the central wavelength of 1310nm is realized. It provides a theoretical reference for the subsequent application of praseodymium-doped fiber amplifiers in communication engineering, laser amplification and other fields. Since the amplification band of praseodymium-doped fiber amplifier matches the zero dispersion point of 6.652 optical fiber, it will have a huge application market in the 1310nm optical communication system.
A model is presented for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers that operate by an upconversion process in which two pump photons at ~800 nm are absorbed and can provide an inverted population and hence the ability to amplify signal photons at ~850 nm. The most important spectroscopic features of the amplifier are identified and used to formulate a theory that predicts how the amplifier gain varies with fiber length and doping density, as well as with launched pump and signal powers. The limitation that amplified spontaneous emission imposes on the gain is investigated, and useful approximate formulas are derived in the limit where amplified spontaneous emission is negligible.
A complete experimental and theoretical study of rare earth doped fiber-optic amplifiers for the first tele-communication window has been made. The thulium doped fluoride fiber amplifier is shown to provide amplification in the 800nm-820nm signal region. A complete steady state theoretical model has been presented and the model has been experimentally verified. The model predicts the gain, noise figure and the amplified spontaneous emission in the 800nm, 1470nm, 1900nm and 2300nm bands. The effect of population trapping at the sp3Fsb4\\sp3F\\sb4sp3Fsb4 energy level of thulium ion is also shown with the help of the model. It has been shown that about 5-15%o of the population is trapped at the sp3Fsb4\\sp3F\\sb4sp3Fsb4 energy level. We have also shown theoretically, the expected gain and noise performance of Thulium doped fluoride fiber amplifiers pumped in the 680nm absorption band. The maximum gain at 806nm is slightly lower than with comparable 780 nm pumping. The gain bandwidth is however found to increase with 680nm pumping. The higher ASE at shorter wavelengths ($<$806nm) reduces the gain at the peak wavelength (806nm). This is a result of the better inversion with three level pumping at 680nm as compared to two level resonant pumping at 780nm. We report an efficient single mode erbium doped flouride fiber amplifier in the 850nm signal band for the first time. The amplification is through an up-conversion process. The erbium doped flouride fiber amplifier was pumped with an estimated pump power of 35mW at 792nm. We have also considered a theoretical model for a single mode erbium doped fluoride fiber amplifier. Efficient amplification occurs because of the strong excited state absorption at the pump wavelength from the sp4Isb13/2\\sp4I\\sb{13/2}sp4Isb13/2 energy level.
"Doping a part of the optical fiber core by (Er3+ ) ions in presence of external pumping power will lead to form the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA).The performance of this optical amplifier depends on (the power and the wavelength of the pumping laser, the power and wavelength of the input signal, amplifier length, ion concentration). These parameters will affect the characteristics of EDFA such as amplifier gain, gain saturation, noise figure and output power. However, these characteristics can be determined by solving the EDFA propagation and rate equations. The solution of these equations of two-level laser medium can be done numerically. In this paper, we are proposed a novel method to solve these equations. The reconstructed results are perfectly coincided the well known numerical results.
We present the schematic representations for teaching the procedure of optical amplification in erbium and praseodymium doped fiber amplifiers by using rate equations models. The behaviour of these types of amplifiers is the same as three (for erbium ion) and four (for praseodymium ion) levels atomic systems, respectively. Most of the important characteristics of these amplifiers can be obtained from these simple models and their underlying assumptions. Hence, we can make use of these approaches for teaching the purposes of procedures in fiber amplifiers. For this aim, the gain performances of Er3+ and Pr3+-doped fiber amplifiers are investigated at the educational level, using the temperature-dependent rate equation model.