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Processos dinâmicos em sistemas de transparência eletromagneticamente induzida

Klara Theophilo

Published Jun 29, 2015• 0 citations

Abstract

The electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) has attracted a lot of attention since its aplications in quantum information were discovered.However, transient dynamics in this context were not as well explored.Here, we present a study of a cold rubidium ensemble under electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT), during a transient interaction.Using noise correlation spectroscopy, which is a more sensitive technique than a mean intensity spectroscopy, we investigated an asymmetric atomic response to an increasing or decreasing frequency scanning of the probe beams in the Λ-EIT system.The observation of this asymmetry, which could not be explained by the theoretical predictions based on the Bloch equations for 3-level atom, the previously used model, launched us in a search for possible causes of this enigmatic eect.Straightforward, several hypotheses were formulated, resulting in a wide experimental exploration, including parameters as the angle between the EIT beams, detuning, power and direction of incidence of the repump beam.In addition, spectra in the time domain were studied in order to understand the evolution of the system to the steady-state.Parallel to the experiment, we developed new theoretical models.Our latest theoretical approach models the system as an atom of 5-levels in which 3 levels are related to the Λ system and the other two levels are coupled by the repump.Moreover, we also consider the optical forces in the system.This model has obtained good agreement with the experimental data, for mean intensity spectroscopy.

DOI: 10.11606/t.43.2015.tde-23082015-215244

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The electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) has attracted a lot of attention since its aplications in quantum information were discovered.However, transient dynamics in this context were not as well explored.Here, we present a study of a cold rubidium ensemble under electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT), during a transient interaction.Using noise correlation spectroscopy, which is a more sensitive technique than a mean intensity spectroscopy, we investigated an asymmetric atomic response to an increasing or decreasing frequency scanning of the probe beams in the Λ-EIT system.The observation of this asymmetry, which could not be explained by the theoretical predictions based on the Bloch equations for 3-level atom, the previously used model, launched us in a search for possible causes of this enigmatic eect.Straightforward, several hypotheses were formulated, resulting in a wide experimental exploration, including parameters as the angle between the EIT beams, detuning, power and direction of incidence of the repump beam.In addition, spectra in the time domain were studied in order to understand the evolution of the system to the steady-state.Parallel to the experiment, we developed new theoretical models.Our latest theoretical approach models the system as an atom of 5-levels in which 3 levels are related to the Λ system and the other two levels are coupled by the repump.Moreover, we also consider the optical forces in the system.This model has obtained good agreement with the experimental data, for mean intensity spectroscopy.

Observation of transient effects in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is reported in

{\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}

cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The transmission of a weak probe beam in resonance with the

{5S}_{1/2}(F=3)

to

{5P}_{3/2}(F=3)

hyperfine transition increased transiently when a relatively strong coupling field in resonance with the

{5S}_{1/2}(F=2)

to

{5P}_{3/2}(F=3)

hyperfine transition was switched on rapidly using a Pockels cell. The probe transient showed an initial Rabi half-cycle overshoot before settling down to steady-state EIT. The results agreed well with computations using a three-state model of the \ensuremath{\Lambda} system. The computations also suggest that transient gain should be observed with coupling field power only four times larger than that presently available to us.

We report a detailed investigation on the properties of intensity correlation spectra for laser beams interacting with cold atoms under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We describe the transition of their intensity fluctuations from correlation to anticorrelation as the mean intensity of the fields increases. Such a transition occurs for laser frequencies around the EIT resonance, which is characterized by a correlation peak. The transition point between correlation and anticorrelation is independent of power broadening and provides directly the ground-state coherence time. We introduce a method to extract in real time the correlation spectra of the system. The experiments were done in two distinct magneto-optical traps, one for cesium and the other for rubidium atoms, employing different detection schemes. A simplified theory is introduced assuming three-level atoms in $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration interacting with a laser with stochastic phase fluctuations, providing a good agreement with the experimental observations.

We report the experimental observation of transient dynamics in the weak probe coherence under electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in hot Rb atoms with a buffer gas. By modulating the control beam in a non-adiabatic fashion, we have examined the corresponding changes in probe transparency. Upon switching the control beam on, the system evolves through multiple dynamical processes before reaching steady-state transparency. We have decoded each of those dynamical processes region by region and notably observed two-photon damped Rabi oscillations, Raman gain, and direct dark state rotation during this evolution. For the theoretical insight, we have numerically solved the time-dependent density matrix elements for a Λ system, incorporating the buffer gas effects phenomenologically into these equations. Our findings provide a detailed understanding of transient and steady-state dynamics in EIT systems, highlighting the interplay between coherent and incoherent processes and the role of the buffer gas in modulating the evolution. The buffer medium extended relevant timescales, thus enhancing the coherence and stability of the atomic system, which are key factors for practical implementations in precision metrology and quantum optics.

The temporal evolution of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) coherence resonances in pump-probe spectroscopy of degenerate two-level atomic transition is studied for light intensities below saturation. Analytical expressions for the transient absorption spectra are given for simple model systems and a model for the calculation of the time-dependent response of realistic atomic transitions, where the Zeeman degeneracy is fully accounted for, is presented. EIT and EIA resonances have a similar (opposite sign) time-dependent line shape, however, the EIA evolution is slower and thus narrower lines are observed for long interaction time. Qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions is obtained for the transient probe absorption on the

{}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}

{D}_{2}

line in an atomic beam experiment.

Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) has proven to be an invaluable resource for numerous applications in quantum technology, specifically in quantum memories, quantum repeaters, and quantum sensors. EIT also has significant applications in fundamental physics and nonlinear optics. Given that EIT is a foundational component of future quantum technology, a comprehensive understanding of its parameters is essential for the development of future devices. This thesis focuses on the transient dynamics of EIT, specifically examining oscillations in the absorption of the Probe Field (PF) as a means to determine the decoherence of the ground states. Transient EIT has been explored in previous theoretical and experimental studies across various systems, including Cold Atoms (CAs) and hot vapor media. Here, transient EIT is studied theoretically, numerically, and experimentally. Parameter exploration has been conducted to understand the effects of different parameters on the transient behavior of EIT and to identify which decoherence mechanisms have the most significant impact on the quality of EIT. Experimentally, we explored a hot atomic vapour of, naturally abundant Rubidium (Rb) atoms. Additionally, progress towards constructing a CAs system, using a Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT) from scratch was made, opening the door to future studies of this system.

Enhanced sensitivity in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be obtained by the use of noise correlation spectroscopy between the fields involved in the process. Here, we investigate EIT in a cold (

<1

mK) rubidium vapor and demonstrate sensitivity to detect weak light-induced forces on the atoms. A theoretical model is developed and shows good agreement with our measurements, enabling the attribution of the observed effects to the coupling of the atomic states to their motion. The effects remain unnoticed on the measurement of the mean fields but are clearly manifest in their correlations.