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arXiv:1808.02918 · Physical Review A

Probing light forces on cold atoms by noise correlation spectroscopy

Klara Theophilo, Ashok Kumar, H. M. Florez, Carlos González-Arciniegas, P. Nussenzveig, M. Martinelli

Published Nov 19, 2018• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Enhanced sensitivity in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be obtained by the use of noise correlation spectroscopy between the fields involved in the process. Here, we investigate EIT in a cold ($<1$ mK) rubidium vapor and demonstrate sensitivity to detect weak light-induced forces on the atoms. A theoretical model is developed and shows good agreement with our measurements, enabling the attribution of the observed effects to the coupling of the atomic states to their motion. The effects remain unnoticed on the measurement of the mean fields but are clearly manifest in their correlations.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.98.053832

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Enhanced sensitivity in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be obtained by the use of noise correlation spectroscopy between the fields involved in the process. Here, we investigate EIT in a cold (<1<1<1 mK) rubidium vapor and demonstrate sensitivity to detect weak light-induced forces on the atoms. A theoretical model is developed and shows good agreement with our measurements, enabling the attribution of the observed effects to the coupling of the atomic states to their motion. The effects remain unnoticed on the measurement of the mean fields but are clearly manifest in their correlations.
We report a detailed investigation on the properties of intensity correlation spectra for laser beams interacting with cold atoms under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We describe the transition of their intensity fluctuations from correlation to anticorrelation as the mean intensity of the fields increases. Such a transition occurs for laser frequencies around the EIT resonance, which is characterized by a correlation peak. The transition point between correlation and anticorrelation is independent of power broadening and provides directly the ground-state coherence time. We introduce a method to extract in real time the correlation spectra of the system. The experiments were done in two distinct magneto-optical traps, one for cesium and the other for rubidium atoms, employing different detection schemes. A simplified theory is introduced assuming three-level atoms in $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration interacting with a laser with stochastic phase fluctuations, providing a good agreement with the experimental observations.
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in the Five-level Scheme of Cold 85^{85}85Rb Atomic Vapour
Using noise spectroscopy, we studied the correlations between two light beams with opposite circular polarization, coupling the transition F=2 -> F’=2 in Λ EIT configuration, with cold atoms of Rubidium-85. In the spectrum of correlation we observed the transition from correlation to anti-correlation, off-resonance, when raising the potency of the beams.This transition is a consequence of the competition between four-wave mixing, which is responsible for the correlation regime, and the Stark effect that produces anti-correlation in the beams.In the spectra of mean signal of intensity and correlation, we observed that the EIT peak is free of potency broadening, which makes possible that the measure of coherence time be more precise in the condition of EIT. Using a EIT’s model for a system in Λ configuration, we observed that the theoretical correlation spectra are in good accordance with the experimental data, considering the degenerescence of the hyperfine levels. Besides that, the model predicts the non-broadening of the correlation peak, showing the correlation as a characterization property more accurated than the mean signal of intensity.
Intensity noise cross-correlation of the polarization eigenstates of light emerging from an atomic vapor cell in the Hanle EIT configuration results in high resolution spectroscopy even with free-running semiconductor lasers. We show that the character of the observed intensity noise in any output polarization basis can be modeled as a Markov process in the input light fields’ amplitudes that excite the response of a three-level medium. This method has promise as an inexpensive and simpler approach to vector magnetometry and has applications in timekeeping and as a probe of dynamics of atomic coherence in warm vapor cells.
Recent years have seen vast progress in the generation and detection of structured light, with potential applications in high capacity optical data storage and continuous variable quantum technologies. Here we measure the transmission of structured light through cold rubidium atoms and observe regions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), using the phase profile as control parameter for the atomic opacity. With q plates we generate a probe beam with azimuthally varying phase and polarization structure, and its right and left circular polarization components provide the probe and control of an EIT transition. We observe an azimuthal modulation of the absorption profile that is dictated by the phase and polarization structure of the probe laser. Conventional EIT systems do not exhibit phase sensitivity. We show, however, that a weak transverse magnetic field closes the EIT transitions, thereby generating phase-dependent dark states which in turn lead to phase-dependent transparency, in agreement with our measurements.