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arXiv:1712.08952 · OSA Continuum

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) amplitude noise spectroscopy

Ben Whitenack, Devan Tormey, Michael Crescimanno, Andrew Funk, Shannon O’Leary

Published Jan 13, 2020• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Intensity noise cross-correlation of the polarization eigenstates of light emerging from an atomic vapor cell in the Hanle EIT configuration results in high resolution spectroscopy even with free-running semiconductor lasers. We show that the character of the observed intensity noise in any output polarization basis can be modeled as a Markov process in the input light fields’ amplitudes that excite the response of a three-level medium. This method has promise as an inexpensive and simpler approach to vector magnetometry and has applications in timekeeping and as a probe of dynamics of atomic coherence in warm vapor cells.

DOI
10.1364/osac.384540

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Optics Express•Dec 22, 2017•25 citations
Intensity noise cross-correlation of the polarization eigenstates of light emerging from an atomic vapor cell in the Hanle EIT configuration results in high resolution spectroscopy even with free-running semiconductor lasers. We show that the character of the observed intensity noise in any output polarization basis can be modeled as a Markov process in the input light fields’ amplitudes that excite the response of a three-level medium. This method has promise as an inexpensive and simpler approach to vector magnetometry and has applications in timekeeping and as a probe of dynamics of atomic coherence in warm vapor cells.
We report on switching the intensity correlation or anticorrelation by changing the polarization basis for measuring light that has already propagated through the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium of the $5{S}_{1/2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}(F=2)\ensuremath{-}5{P}_{1/2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}({F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=1)$ transition of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms. When a linearly polarized laser beam interacts with the EIT medium in the Hanle configuration, selection of the polarization basis after the optical field has already interacted with the atoms was found to significantly affect the intensity-intensity correlation of the two orthogonal polarization components. We compared the second-order correlation functions of two postselected polarization bases (linear and circular), and the polarization basis effect on the second-order correlation functions as a function of the applied magnetic field was numerically calculated using an eight-level atomic model.
Here, we describe progress toward realization of a vector magnetometer based on all-optical excitation of an atomic ensemble in a vapor cell under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The EIT resonance amplitudes depend on relative orientations of the three key vectors: laser wave-vector, polarization, and the direction of the magnetic field. By analyzing possible two-photon transitions and their combinations, we can, in principle, analytically calculate the amplitude of various EIT resonances as functions of the relative angles between the magnetic field, polarization and laser propagation vectors. By locking the polarization to one of these maxima, one can determine the plane formed by the magnetic field and the light wave vector to the accuracy better than 0.001 rad. Analysis of the relative resonance amplitude may be used to extract the full information about the magnetic field direction.
We demonstrate and characterize two coherent phenomena that can mitigate the effects of laser phase noise for electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT): a laser-power-broadening-resistant resonance in the transmitted intensity cross correlation between EIT optical fields, and a resonant suppression of the conversion of laser phase noise to intensity noise when one-photon noise dominates over two-photon-detuning noise. Our experimental observations are in good agreement with both an intuitive physical picture and numerical calculations. The results have wide-ranging applications to spectroscopy, atomic clocks, and magnetometers.
Abstract We study electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a room-temperature cesium vapor cell using wavelength-modulated probe laser light. In the utilized cascade level scheme, the probe laser drives the lower transition 6 S 1 / 2 ( F = 4) → 6 P 3 / 2 ( F ’ = 5), while the coupling laser drives the Rydberg transition 6 P 3 / 2 → 57 S 1 / 2 . The probe laser has a fixed average frequency and is modulated at a frequency of a few kHz, with a variable modulation amplitude in the range of tens of MHz. The probe transmission is measured as a function of the detuning of the coupling laser from the Rydberg resonance. The first-harmonic demodulated EIT signal has two peaks that are, in the case of large modulation amplitude, separated by the peak-to-peak modulation amplitude of the probe laser times a scaling factor λ p / λ c , where λ p and λ c are the probe- and coupling-laser wavelengths. The scaling factor is due to Doppler shifts in the EIT geometry. Second-harmonic demodulated EIT signals, obtained with small modulation amplitudes, yield spectral lines that are much narrower than corresponding lines in the modulation-free EIT spectra. The resultant spectroscopic resolution enhancement is conducive to improved measurements of radio-frequency (RF) fields based on Rydberg-atom EIT, an approach in which the response of Rydberg atoms to RF fields is exploited to characterize RF fields. Here, we employ wavelength modulation spectroscopy to reduce the uncertainty of atom-based frequency and field measurement of an RF field in the VHF radio band.
We have studied the high resolution spectroscopy of Rydberg state 87Rb in a ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) configuration at room temperature. A highly excited Rydberg atom is nearly degenerate for its hyperfine states but this degeneracy will be broken by an applied magnetic field, resulting in a spectral splitting in a coupled basis. In our ladder-type EIT experiment, we observed the high resolution spectral splitting of Rydberg atoms in an external magnetic field with two different optical polarization combinations of σ+ − σ+ and σ+ − σ− for probe and coupling laser beams. A strict theory has been set up to explain the observed spectral line position and intensity accurately considering the Zeeman effects of three EIT-concerned states all in the coupled basis. Specially for the Rydberg state, we can transform its wavefunction back into the decoupled basis for the spectral line assignment.