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Physical Review A

Electromagnetically-induced-transparency intensity-correlation power broadening in a buffer gas

Aojie Zheng, Alaina Green, Michael Crescimanno, Shannon O’Leary

Published Apr 13, 2016• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) noise correlation spectroscopy holds promise as a simple, robust method for performing high-resolution spectroscopy used in optical magnetometry and clocks. Of relevance to these applications, we report on the role of buffer gas pressure and magnetic field gradients on power broadening of Zeeman-EIT noise correlation resonances.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.93.043825

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Electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) noise correlation spectroscopy holds promise as a simple, robust method for performing high-resolution spectroscopy used in optical magnetometry and clocks. Of relevance to these applications, we report on the role of buffer gas pressure and magnetic field gradients on power broadening of Zeeman-EIT noise correlation resonances.
We demonstrate and characterize two coherent phenomena that can mitigate the effects of laser phase noise for electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT): a laser-power-broadening-resistant resonance in the transmitted intensity cross correlation between EIT optical fields, and a resonant suppression of the conversion of laser phase noise to intensity noise when one-photon noise dominates over two-photon-detuning noise. Our experimental observations are in good agreement with both an intuitive physical picture and numerical calculations. The results have wide-ranging applications to spectroscopy, atomic clocks, and magnetometers.
Intensity noise cross-correlation of the polarization eigenstates of light emerging from an atomic vapor cell in the Hanle EIT configuration results in high resolution spectroscopy even with free-running semiconductor lasers. We show that the character of the observed intensity noise in any output polarization basis can be modeled as a Markov process in the input light fields’ amplitudes that excite the response of a three-level medium. This method has promise as an inexpensive and simpler approach to vector magnetometry and has applications in timekeeping and as a probe of dynamics of atomic coherence in warm vapor cells.
We have studied the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of 87Rb vapor with a buffer gas in a magnetic field at room temperature. It is found that the spectral lines caused by the velocity selective optical pump effects get much weaker and wider when the sample cell mixed with a 5-Torr N2 gas while the EIT signal kept almost unchanged. A weighted least-square fit is also developed to remove the Doppler broadening completely. This spectral method provides a way to measure the Zeeman splitting with high resolution, for example, the Λ-type EIT resonance splits into four peaks on the D2 line of 87Rb in the thermal 2-cm vapor cell with a magnetic field along the electric field of the linearly polarized coupling laser. The high resolution spectrum can be used to lock the laser to a given frequency by tuning the magnetic field.
We have investigated the spectra of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) when a cell is filled with a buffer gas. Our theoretical results show that the buffer gas can induce a narrower spectra line and steeper dispersion than those of the usual EIT case in a homogeneous and Doppler broadened system. The linewidth decreases with the increase of the buffer gas pressure. This narrow spectra may be applied to quantum information processing, nonlinear optics and atomic frequency standard.
Abstract We have studied the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of 87 Rb vapor at room temperature in a magnetic field with an arbitrary angle to the laser propagation direction. Rather than exposing atoms to a parallelled or transverse magnetic field as usual, in our work, we apply a magnetic field (up to 45 Gauss) with an arbitrary angle to the laser propagation direction and the spectra become much more complex. More EIT dips are observed due to the Zeeman splitting on the D 2 line of 87 Rb in a Λ -type configuration. With a 5 Torr N 2 buffer gas in the thermal 2 cm vapor cell, the state 5 2 P 3 / 2 has a very short effective lifetime, corresponding to a large energy broadening, which removes the velocity selective optical pumping effect almost completely and keeps the high resolution EIT spectrum for the energy splitting of 87 Rb in magnetic fields. The shifting of the EIT resonances with the strength of the applied magnetic field coincides well with the theory based on a full matrix Hamiltonian combined with a spectral decomposition method. Our work can be extended to measure the magnetic field vector in space. The effects of the detuning of the probe and coupling beams on the spectral lines are also investigated.
The quantum fluctuations of optical beams are highly correlated in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The intensity fluctuations are enhanced by conversion of phase noise to intensity noise in atomic vapour. We have studied spectra of intensity fluctuations in dense rubidium vapour for different laser beam powers. Observed excess noise spectrum is broader than EIT window at the same optical power. Both spectral widths are proportional to the laser beam intensity. By using signal subtraction scheme we can reduce amplitude of the fluctuations to close the photonic short noise level. This result confirms the high degrees of intensity correlations and can be used to improve quality of optical atomic clocks.