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IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference (NMDC)

All-optical switching due to a two-photon process in photonic crystal nanowires

Mahi R. Singh

Published Jun 1, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the two-photon switching mechanism in photonic crystal nanowires doped with an ensemble of nanoparticles. Nanowires are made from embedding one crystal into another. The energy spectrum of the embedded crystal is higher than that of the outer photonic crystal. The nanoparticles are interacting with bound states and with each other. The photon absorption coefficients have been calculated in the presence of a probe and a pump laser fields. Two transparent and absorption states are found. We anticipate that the present research can be used to make new types of all-photonic devices.

DOI
10.1109/nmdc.2009.5167551

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We study the two-photon switching mechanism in photonic crystal nanowires doped with an ensemble of nanoparticles. Nanowires are made from embedding one crystal into another. The energy spectrum of the embedded crystal is higher than that of the outer photonic crystal. The nanoparticles are interacting with bound states and with each other. The photon absorption coefficients have been calculated in the presence of a probe and a pump laser fields. Two transparent and absorption states are found. We anticipate that the present research can be used to make new types of all-photonic devices.
We have studied the quantum optics of a photonic quantum nanowire doped with an ensemble of three-level nanoparticles.The wire is made from two photonic crystals A and B. Crystal A is embedded within crystal B and acts as a photonic nanowire.It is considered that the conduction band of crystal A lies below that of crystal B. As a result, photons are confined in crystal A and are reflected from crystal B. The bound states of the confined photons are calculated using the transfer matrix method.It is found that the number of bound states in the wire depends on the size of the wire and the energy difference between the conduction band extrema of crystals A and B. The absorption coefficient of the system has also been calculated using the Schrödinger equation method.It is considered that the nanoparticles interact with the photonic bound states.Numerical simulations show that when one of the resonance energies lies near the bound state, the system becomes transparent.However, when the resonance energy lies away from the bound state the crystal reverts to an absorbing state.Similarly, when the radius of the dielectric spheres is changed the location of the transparency peak is shifted.This means that the present system can be switched between two states by changing the size of the wire and the transition energy.These findings can be used to make new types of optical devices.
We have studied the phenomenon of two-photon absorption in photonic nanowires doped with an ensemble of four-level nanoparticles. The photonic nanowire is made from two photonic crystals, A and B, where A is embedded in B. Photons are confined in the nanowire due to the band structure engineering of photonic crystals. It is considered that one of the resonance levels of nanoparticles lies near a photon-bound state of the nanowire. The two-photon absorption coefficient has been calculated using the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. It is found that there is an inhibition of two-photon absorption in the system. This is due to the strong coupling between nanoparticles and the nanowire.
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Quantum optics of metallic photonic crystals is studied in this paper. Crystals are made from metallic spheres and a background dielectric material. The refractive index of the metallic spheres depends on the frequencies of the incident light and plasmons whereas the refractive index of the background material is a constant. Crystals are lightly doped with four-level nanoparticles. It is considered that nanoparticles are interacting with the metallic crystals via electron-photon interaction in the dipole approximation. The probe and pump laser fields are applied to monitor the absorption spectrum in the system. Two transparent states are predicted. One is due to the electromagnetically induced transparency and the other is due to the electron-photon interaction. For certain experimental conditions these transparent states merge into one transparent state. The effect of plasmon frequencies has also been studied. It is found that the system can be switched from a transparent state to an absorbing state just by changing the frequency of plasmons. This study can be used to makes new types of optical devices such as switches and optical transistors.