Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Spectroscopy of coherent dark resonances in samarium

Yu. V. Vladimirova, B. A. Grishanin, Victor N. Zadkov, N. Kolachevsky, Alexey V. Akimov, N. A. Kiselev, В. Н. Сорокин, S. I. Kanorsky

Published May 31, 2002• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical model of the coherent population trapping (CPT) in multilevel samarium atom and its comparison with experimental spectroscopic data are presented. Theoretical model describes a degenerated (Lambda) -system in Sm atom formed of the transitions 4f66s2(7F0) mutually implies 4f6(7F)6s6p(3Po)9Fo1 mutually implies 4f66s2(7F1) and includes also a fourth level 4f66s2(7F2), which complements the model making it an open system. An open character of the system reduces the contrast of the resonance curves in the CPT- spectra, but does not change the width of the CPT resonance. Numerical modeling of the CPT resonances in Sm atom was carried out for the case of applied longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields in 7- and 12-level models, as well.

DOI
10.1117/12.468886

Related papers

Spectroscopy of coherent dark resonances in multilevel atoms for the example of samarium vapor

Yu. V. Vladimirova, B. A. Grishanin, Victor N. Zadkov +4 more

A universal theory for calculating coherent population trapping resonances in multilevel atoms is suggested. The theory allows arbitrary schemes of multilevel atoms and their excitations to be calculated taking into account the influence of relaxation effects in atoms, applied magnetic field, and the Doppler effect. The experimental data obtained by high-precision diode spectroscopy of coherent dark resonances in samarium vapor are systematically analyzed using the suggested theory. In the absence of a magnetic field, the model of samarium is based on consideration of a degenerate Λ system of the 4f 66s 2(7 F 0) ↔ 4f 6(7 F)6s6p(3 P 0)9 F 1 0 ↔4f 66s 2(7 F 1) active transitions. If the fourth 4f 66s 2(7 F 2) level is taken into account, this Λ system becomes open. Numerical simulation of coherent population trapping resonances shows that the open character of the system decreases the contrast of resonance curves in absorption spectra without changing resonance widths. The system under applied external longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields is correctly described by 7-and 12-level models of atomic transitions, respectively.

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics•Apr 1, 2003•11 citations

Resonances of coherent population trapping in samarium vapours

N. Kolachevsky, Alexey V. Akimov, Nikolai A. Kiselev +3 more

Resonances of coherent population trapping were detected in atomic vapours of the rare-earth element samarium. The coherent population trapping was produced by two external-cavity diode lasers (672 and 686 nm) in a Λ-system formed by the three levels of 154 Sm: the 4 f 6 6 s 2 ( 7 F 0 ) ground state, the first fine-structure 4 f 6 6 s 2 ( 7 F 1 ) sublevel of the ground state and the 4 f 6 ( 7 F )6 s 6 p ( 3 P o ) 9 F o 1 upper level. The dependence of the spectral shapes and resonance contrasts on the polarisation of the laser beams and the direction of the applied magnetic field was studied. The obtained results were analysed.

Quantum Electronics•Jan 31, 2001•15 citations

Frequency modulation spectroscopy of coherent dark resonances of multi-level atoms in a magnetic field

Yu. V. Vladimirova, Victor N. Zadkov

The resonances of coherent population trapping (CPT) excited by a frequency-modulated (FM) field at the Zeeman sublevels during the transition F g = 2 → F e = 1 of the 87Rb D 1-absorption line were studied theoretically. The influence of the nonlinear Zeeman effect on the structure of the observed resonances was considered. The spectra of CPT resonances were calculated for different values of magnetic field induction and compared with the experimental data.

Moscow University Physics Bulletin•Dec 1, 2010•4 citations

Observation of coherent population trapping in a V-type two-electron system

Alok K. Singh, Vasant Natarajan A

We observe coherent population trapping (CPT) in a two-electron atom— 174 Yb—using the transition. CPT is not possible for such a transition according to one-electron theory because the magnetic sublevels form a V-type system, but in a two-electron atom like Yb, the interaction of the electrons transforms the level structure into a Λ -type system, which allows the formation of a dark state and hence the observation of CPT. Since the two levels involved are degenerate, we use a magnetic field to lift the degeneracy. The single fluorescence dip then splits into five dips—the central unshifted one corresponds to coherent population oscillation, while the outer four are due to CPT. The linewidth of the CPT resonance is about 300 kHz and is limited by the natural linewidth of the excited state, which is to be expected because the excited state is involved in the formation of the dark state.

arXiv:1502.03079•New Journal of Physics•Mar 31, 2015•4 citations

Coherent population trapping in a Λ configuration coupled by magnetic dipole interactions

Huidong Kim, Hyok Sang Han, Tai Hyun Yoon +1 more

We report our study on coherent population trapping (CPT) in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration coupled by magnetic dipole interactions. The $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration is formed by bichromatic radio-frequency fields coupling a pair of Zeeman sublevels in one hyperfine level of an alkali-metal atom to another sublevel in the other hyperfine level. The Zeeman sublevel at the apex is coupled to a state in the $nP$ manifold via an optical transition on one of the spectroscopic $D$ lines to induce optical pumping to a dark state. The configuration is closed without leakage to other Zeeman sublevels. We use lithium atoms in an optical trap for our experimental study. The system allows independent control of the main parameters characterizing CPT, which include the upper-state decay rate and the decoherence rate as well as the Rabi frequencies. By turning off the applied fields, the system is frozen so that its quantum state can be measured precisely. We studied the line shapes and dynamics of the CPT system, and measured the phase relation of the dark superposition state to find excellent agreement with theory. The possible application of the scheme as a method to cool optically trapped atoms below the recoil limit in a manner analogous to velocity-selective coherent population trapping is discussed.

Physical Review A•Mar 10, 2014•7 citations

The pecularities of coherent population trapping resonances on fine structure levels for different light polarization

T. Ya. Karagodova, Alexander I. Karagodov

At the conditions of two-photon resonance the effect of coherent population trapping (CPT) can take place. The CPT may be observed as in absorption so in resonance fluorescence. The CPT is widely applied in high resolution spectroscopy, laser cooling, atomic optics and so on. Earlier the peculiarities of CPT resonances on fine structure levels of an atom have been considered on example of thallium atoms. It was shown that the form and number of resonances are influenced by geometry of experiment and initial conditions (initial level populations). As the investigations of CPT on fine structure levels are the object of interest last years, we have considered the numerical analysis of dependence the form of CPT resonances on fine structure levels of T1 atoms as lower levels of Λ-system on polarization of radiation fields. The cases of elliptical, linear and circular polarization have been considered.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Jul 11, 2006•0 citations
A theoretical model of the coherent population trapping (CPT) in multilevel samarium atom and its comparison with experimental spectroscopic data are presented. Theoretical model describes a degenerated (Lambda) -system in Sm atom formed of the transitions 4f66s2(7F0) mutually implies 4f6(7F)6s6p(3Po)9Fo1 mutually implies 4f66s2(7F1) and includes also a fourth level 4f66s2(7F2), which complements the model making it an open system. An open character of the system reduces the contrast of the resonance curves in the CPT- spectra, but does not change the width of the CPT resonance. Numerical modeling of the CPT resonances in Sm atom was carried out for the case of applied longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields in 7- and 12-level models, as well.
A universal theory for calculating coherent population trapping resonances in multilevel atoms is suggested. The theory allows arbitrary schemes of multilevel atoms and their excitations to be calculated taking into account the influence of relaxation effects in atoms, applied magnetic field, and the Doppler effect. The experimental data obtained by high-precision diode spectroscopy of coherent dark resonances in samarium vapor are systematically analyzed using the suggested theory. In the absence of a magnetic field, the model of samarium is based on consideration of a degenerate Λ system of the 4f 66s 2(7 F 0) ↔ 4f 6(7 F)6s6p(3 P 0)9 F 1 0 ↔4f 66s 2(7 F 1) active transitions. If the fourth 4f 66s 2(7 F 2) level is taken into account, this Λ system becomes open. Numerical simulation of coherent population trapping resonances shows that the open character of the system decreases the contrast of resonance curves in absorption spectra without changing resonance widths. The system under applied external longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields is correctly described by 7-and 12-level models of atomic transitions, respectively.
Resonances of coherent population trapping were detected in atomic vapours of the rare-earth element samarium. The coherent population trapping was produced by two external-cavity diode lasers (672 and 686 nm) in a Λ-system formed by the three levels of 154 Sm: the 4 f 6 6 s 2 ( 7 F 0 ) ground state, the first fine-structure 4 f 6 6 s 2 ( 7 F 1 ) sublevel of the ground state and the 4 f 6 ( 7 F )6 s 6 p ( 3 P o ) 9 F o 1 upper level. The dependence of the spectral shapes and resonance contrasts on the polarisation of the laser beams and the direction of the applied magnetic field was studied. The obtained results were analysed.
We observe coherent population trapping (CPT) in a two-electron atom— 174 Yb—using the transition. CPT is not possible for such a transition according to one-electron theory because the magnetic sublevels form a V-type system, but in a two-electron atom like Yb, the interaction of the electrons transforms the level structure into a Λ -type system, which allows the formation of a dark state and hence the observation of CPT. Since the two levels involved are degenerate, we use a magnetic field to lift the degeneracy. The single fluorescence dip then splits into five dips—the central unshifted one corresponds to coherent population oscillation, while the outer four are due to CPT. The linewidth of the CPT resonance is about 300 kHz and is limited by the natural linewidth of the excited state, which is to be expected because the excited state is involved in the formation of the dark state.
We report our study on coherent population trapping (CPT) in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration coupled by magnetic dipole interactions. The $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration is formed by bichromatic radio-frequency fields coupling a pair of Zeeman sublevels in one hyperfine level of an alkali-metal atom to another sublevel in the other hyperfine level. The Zeeman sublevel at the apex is coupled to a state in the nPnPnP manifold via an optical transition on one of the spectroscopic DDD lines to induce optical pumping to a dark state. The configuration is closed without leakage to other Zeeman sublevels. We use lithium atoms in an optical trap for our experimental study. The system allows independent control of the main parameters characterizing CPT, which include the upper-state decay rate and the decoherence rate as well as the Rabi frequencies. By turning off the applied fields, the system is frozen so that its quantum state can be measured precisely. We studied the line shapes and dynamics of the CPT system, and measured the phase relation of the dark superposition state to find excellent agreement with theory. The possible application of the scheme as a method to cool optically trapped atoms below the recoil limit in a manner analogous to velocity-selective coherent population trapping is discussed.
At the conditions of two-photon resonance the effect of coherent population trapping (CPT) can take place. The CPT may be observed as in absorption so in resonance fluorescence. The CPT is widely applied in high resolution spectroscopy, laser cooling, atomic optics and so on. Earlier the peculiarities of CPT resonances on fine structure levels of an atom have been considered on example of thallium atoms. It was shown that the form and number of resonances are influenced by geometry of experiment and initial conditions (initial level populations). As the investigations of CPT on fine structure levels are the object of interest last years, we have considered the numerical analysis of dependence the form of CPT resonances on fine structure levels of T1 atoms as lower levels of Λ-system on polarization of radiation fields. The cases of elliptical, linear and circular polarization have been considered.