© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

Terms Privacy Legal Notice

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Spectroscopy of coherent dark resonances in multilevel atoms for the example of samarium vapor

Yu. V. Vladimirova, B. A. Grishanin, Victor N. Zadkov, N. Kolachevsky, Alexey V. Akimov, N. A. Kisilev, S. I. Kanorskii

Published Apr 1, 2003• 11 citations

Abstract

A universal theory for calculating coherent population trapping resonances in multilevel atoms is suggested. The theory allows arbitrary schemes of multilevel atoms and their excitations to be calculated taking into account the influence of relaxation effects in atoms, applied magnetic field, and the Doppler effect. The experimental data obtained by high-precision diode spectroscopy of coherent dark resonances in samarium vapor are systematically analyzed using the suggested theory. In the absence of a magnetic field, the model of samarium is based on consideration of a degenerate Λ system of the 4f 66s 2(7 F 0) ↔ 4f 6(7 F)6s6p(3 P 0)9 F 1 0 ↔4f 66s 2(7 F 1) active transitions. If the fourth 4f 66s 2(7 F 2) level is taken into account, this Λ system becomes open. Numerical simulation of coherent population trapping resonances shows that the open character of the system decreases the contrast of resonance curves in absorption spectra without changing resonance widths. The system under applied external longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields is correctly described by 7-and 12-level models of atomic transitions, respectively.

DOI: 10.1134/1.1574536

Related papers

Spectroscopy of coherent dark resonances in samarium

Yu. V. Vladimirova, B. A. Grishanin, Victor N. Zadkov +5 more

A theoretical model of the coherent population trapping (CPT) in multilevel samarium atom and its comparison with experimental spectroscopic data are presented. Theoretical model describes a degenerated (Lambda) -system in Sm atom formed of the transitions 4f66s2(7F0) mutually implies 4f6(7F)6s6p(3Po)9Fo1 mutually implies 4f66s2(7F1) and includes also a fourth level 4f66s2(7F2), which complements the model making it an open system. An open character of the system reduces the contrast of the resonance curves in the CPT- spectra, but does not change the width of the CPT resonance. Numerical modeling of the CPT resonances in Sm atom was carried out for the case of applied longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields in 7- and 12-level models, as well.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•May 31, 2002•1 citation

Frequency modulation spectroscopy of coherent dark resonances of multi-level atoms in a magnetic field

Yu. V. Vladimirova, Victor N. Zadkov

The resonances of coherent population trapping (CPT) excited by a frequency-modulated (FM) field at the Zeeman sublevels during the transition F g = 2 → F e = 1 of the 87Rb D 1-absorption line were studied theoretically. The influence of the nonlinear Zeeman effect on the structure of the observed resonances was considered. The spectra of CPT resonances were calculated for different values of magnetic field induction and compared with the experimental data.

Moscow University Physics Bulletin•Dec 1, 2010•4 citations

Resonances of coherent population trapping in samarium vapours

N. Kolachevsky, Alexey V. Akimov, Nikolai A. Kiselev +3 more

Resonances of coherent population trapping were detected in atomic vapours of the rare-earth element samarium. The coherent population trapping was produced by two external-cavity diode lasers (672 and 686 nm) in a Λ-system formed by the three levels of 154 Sm: the 4 f 6 6 s 2 ( 7 F 0 ) ground state, the first fine-structure 4 f 6 6 s 2 ( 7 F 1 ) sublevel of the ground state and the 4 f 6 ( 7 F )6 s 6 p ( 3 P o ) 9 F o 1 upper level. The dependence of the spectral shapes and resonance contrasts on the polarisation of the laser beams and the direction of the applied magnetic field was studied. The obtained results were analysed.

Quantum Electronics•Jan 31, 2001•15 citations

Influence of a magnetic field on coherent population trapping in atomic systems of degenerated levels

T. Ya. Karagodova

Coherent population trapping effect is widely studied for simple three-level systems of different types ((Xi) 2, (Lambda) , V)1,2. For real atoms the situation is more complicated. Atomic levels are degenerated one and in the presence of external fields coupling of magnetic sublevels appears due to radiation, so magnetic fields leading to the systems of levels of the higher order. Our theory and method of calculation for interaction of multilevel atoms, with intense radiation fields in the presence of external magnetic fields have been applied for considering coherent population trapping effect for such systems. In the absence of magnetic field for considering sets of parameters, we can see the behavior of populations in function of time, detunings for both systems of coupled sublevels inherent to the coherent population trapping effect. In the presence of magnetic field, we can see novel features in the populations for the systems of coupled magnetic sublevels.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Feb 25, 1999•2 citations

Population dynamics for multilevel systems in the external magnetic field

T. Ya. Karagodova, Anna V. Kuptsova, Andrey A. Eliseev

Coherent population trapping effect is widely studied for simple three-level systems of different types ((Xi) , (Lambda) , V). For real atoms situation is more complicated. Atomic levels are degenerated one and in the presence of external fields coupling of magnetic sublevels appears due to as radiation, so magnetic fields, leading to the systems of levels of the higher order. Our theory and model of calculation for interaction of multilevel atom with intense radiation field at the presence of external magnetic field have been applied for considering coherent population trapping effect for such systems.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Mar 20, 2000•0 citations

Dispersion of populations of a multilevel system in a strong field of laser emission and a magnetic field

T. Ya. Karagodova

Using the theory and the calculation method developed previously, numerical experiments on the study of dispersion of populations of a multilevel atomic system in strong fields of laser radiation in resonance with adjacent transitions and in a constant magnetic field are conducted. The effect of the magnetic field strength on the character of coherent population trapping in a multilevel system is studied. It is shown that the effect, depending on the magnetic field strength, may be observed for both and for one of the magnetic sublevels of the level that is doubly degenerate in the magnetic quantum number, for which resonance fluorescence is studied. The possibility of obtaining population inversion for magnetic sublevels in the excited state of a multilevel atom under an appropriate choice of parameters is demonstrated.

Optics and Spectroscopy•Jun 1, 2001•2 citations

A universal theory for calculating coherent population trapping resonances in multilevel atoms is suggested. The theory allows arbitrary schemes of multilevel atoms and their excitations to be calculated taking into account the influence of relaxation effects in atoms, applied magnetic field, and the Doppler effect. The experimental data obtained by high-precision diode spectroscopy of coherent dark resonances in samarium vapor are systematically analyzed using the suggested theory. In the absence of a magnetic field, the model of samarium is based on consideration of a degenerate Λ system of the 4f 66s 2(7 F 0) ↔ 4f 6(7 F)6s6p(3 P 0)9 F 1 0 ↔4f 66s 2(7 F 1) active transitions. If the fourth 4f 66s 2(7 F 2) level is taken into account, this Λ system becomes open. Numerical simulation of coherent population trapping resonances shows that the open character of the system decreases the contrast of resonance curves in absorption spectra without changing resonance widths. The system under applied external longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields is correctly described by 7-and 12-level models of atomic transitions, respectively.

A theoretical model of the coherent population trapping (CPT) in multilevel samarium atom and its comparison with experimental spectroscopic data are presented. Theoretical model describes a degenerated (Lambda) -system in Sm atom formed of the transitions 4f66s2(7F0) mutually implies 4f6(7F)6s6p(3Po)9Fo1 mutually implies 4f66s2(7F1) and includes also a fourth level 4f66s2(7F2), which complements the model making it an open system. An open character of the system reduces the contrast of the resonance curves in the CPT- spectra, but does not change the width of the CPT resonance. Numerical modeling of the CPT resonances in Sm atom was carried out for the case of applied longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields in 7- and 12-level models, as well.

Resonances of coherent population trapping were detected in atomic vapours of the rare-earth element samarium. The coherent population trapping was produced by two external-cavity diode lasers (672 and 686 nm) in a Λ-system formed by the three levels of 154 Sm: the 4 f 6 6 s 2 ( 7 F 0 ) ground state, the first fine-structure 4 f 6 6 s 2 ( 7 F 1 ) sublevel of the ground state and the 4 f 6 ( 7 F )6 s 6 p ( 3 P o ) 9 F o 1 upper level. The dependence of the spectral shapes and resonance contrasts on the polarisation of the laser beams and the direction of the applied magnetic field was studied. The obtained results were analysed.

Coherent population trapping effect is widely studied for simple three-level systems of different types ((Xi) 2, (Lambda) , V)1,2. For real atoms the situation is more complicated. Atomic levels are degenerated one and in the presence of external fields coupling of magnetic sublevels appears due to radiation, so magnetic fields leading to the systems of levels of the higher order. Our theory and method of calculation for interaction of multilevel atoms, with intense radiation fields in the presence of external magnetic fields have been applied for considering coherent population trapping effect for such systems. In the absence of magnetic field for considering sets of parameters, we can see the behavior of populations in function of time, detunings for both systems of coupled sublevels inherent to the coherent population trapping effect. In the presence of magnetic field, we can see novel features in the populations for the systems of coupled magnetic sublevels.

Coherent population trapping effect is widely studied for simple three-level systems of different types ((Xi) , (Lambda) , V). For real atoms situation is more complicated. Atomic levels are degenerated one and in the presence of external fields coupling of magnetic sublevels appears due to as radiation, so magnetic fields, leading to the systems of levels of the higher order. Our theory and model of calculation for interaction of multilevel atom with intense radiation field at the presence of external magnetic field have been applied for considering coherent population trapping effect for such systems.

Using the theory and the calculation method developed previously, numerical experiments on the study of dispersion of populations of a multilevel atomic system in strong fields of laser radiation in resonance with adjacent transitions and in a constant magnetic field are conducted. The effect of the magnetic field strength on the character of coherent population trapping in a multilevel system is studied. It is shown that the effect, depending on the magnetic field strength, may be observed for both and for one of the magnetic sublevels of the level that is doubly degenerate in the magnetic quantum number, for which resonance fluorescence is studied. The possibility of obtaining population inversion for magnetic sublevels in the excited state of a multilevel atom under an appropriate choice of parameters is demonstrated.