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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

The pecularities of coherent population trapping resonances on fine structure levels for different light polarization

T. Ya. Karagodova, Alexander I. Karagodov

Published Jul 11, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

At the conditions of two-photon resonance the effect of coherent population trapping (CPT) can take place. The CPT may be observed as in absorption so in resonance fluorescence. The CPT is widely applied in high resolution spectroscopy, laser cooling, atomic optics and so on. Earlier the peculiarities of CPT resonances on fine structure levels of an atom have been considered on example of thallium atoms. It was shown that the form and number of resonances are influenced by geometry of experiment and initial conditions (initial level populations). As the investigations of CPT on fine structure levels are the object of interest last years, we have considered the numerical analysis of dependence the form of CPT resonances on fine structure levels of T1 atoms as lower levels of Λ-system on polarization of radiation fields. The cases of elliptical, linear and circular polarization have been considered.

DOI
10.1117/12.696837

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At the conditions of two-photon resonance the effect of coherent population trapping (CPT) can take place. The CPT may be observed as in absorption so in resonance fluorescence. The CPT is widely applied in high resolution spectroscopy, laser cooling, atomic optics and so on. Earlier the peculiarities of CPT resonances on fine structure levels of an atom have been considered on example of thallium atoms. It was shown that the form and number of resonances are influenced by geometry of experiment and initial conditions (initial level populations). As the investigations of CPT on fine structure levels are the object of interest last years, we have considered the numerical analysis of dependence the form of CPT resonances on fine structure levels of T1 atoms as lower levels of Λ-system on polarization of radiation fields. The cases of elliptical, linear and circular polarization have been considered.
The dependence of the shape of resonances of coherent population trapping (CPT) on magnetic sublevels of thallium atoms, forming a generalized Λ-system with the magnetic sublevels of the fine-structure levels as lower ones, on the polarization of the radiation fields has been numerically studied. The cases of linear, elliptical, and circular polarizations have been considered. The shape and the number of CPT resonances for different polarizations have been compared. It has been concluded that the electromagnetically induced transparency can be changed by changing the polarization properties of the laser radiation. The possibility to decrease the number of observed resonances may be useful in high-resolution spectroscopy.
We consider peculiarities of coherent population trapping (CPT) effect on magnetic sublevels of fine structure levels for Thallium (TI) atoms. The system of levels taken into account consists of eight levels. By considering spontaneous decay onto the levels of thermostat we have found the solutions of Schroedinger equation in resonant approximation and so we have found the populations of magnetic sublevels. We have considered different geometries of experiment. Among them there are the cases for which the polarization vectors of both components of radiation fields are parallel to each other and parallel or perpendicular to magnetic field, polarization vectors are perpendicular to each other (one of them is parallel to magnetic field). Also the orientation of magnetic field may be parallel or perpendicular to wave vector of radiation field. Also we have considered different initial populations of magnetic sublevels. In contrary to trivial initial populations of sublevels of the ground state of an atom we have considered the initial population of another metastable fine structure level of TI atom. This situation can take place for atomic photofragments produced in the photodissotiation of diatomic molecules.
Coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances study in Hanle configuration is reported for different polarizations of the exciting light field, on the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line of Cs atoms. While for linear/circular polarization dip/peak in the fluorescence is registered, in case of elliptical polarization, a complex shape resonance is evidenced experimentally, whose profile strongly depends on the ellipticity of polarization. A theoretical model is proposed and developed, which includes the influence on the resonance of polarization ellipticity, transverse magnetic field, and spatial intensity profile of the laser beam. Good agreement is found between the theoretical and experimental results. The reported results allow one to accomplish more profound than in previous research analysis of the CPT resonances behavior pointing out their sensitivity to the light polarization and power as well as to transverse magnetic fields. The presented study is of general importance for the wide application of the coherent resonances in high resolution spectroscopy and precise measurements. The purity of linear/circular polarization of the light needed in different applications can be estimated implementing the proposed model.
Specific features of the coherent population trapping effect are considered in the generalized Λ system whose lower levels are the magnetic sublevels of the fine structure levels of the thallium atom. Numerical experiments were performed aimed at examination of the coherent population trapping for the case of nontrivial, but feasible, initial populations of the upper metastable fine structure level. Such populations may be obtained, for example, due to the photodissociation of TlBr molecules. The possibility of reducing the number of resonances of the coherent population trapping in a multilevel system, which may be useful for high-resolution spectroscopy, is demonstrated. It is shown that the magnitude and shape of the resonances can be controlled by varying the orientation of the polarization vectors of the light field components with respect to each other and to a magnetic field. In addition, studying the shape of the coherent population trapping resonances for the atoms obtained by photodissociation of molecules may provide information about these molecules.
We have detected and analysed narrow high-contrast coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances, which are induced in absorption of the weak probe light beam by the counterpropagating two-frequency pumping radiation. Our experimental investigations have been carried out on example of nonclosed three level Lambda systems formed by spectral components of the Doppler broadened D2 line of cesium atoms. We have established that CPT resonances in transmission of the probe beam (in the cesium vapor), at definite conditions, may have not only more contrast but also much lesser width in comparison with well- known CPT resonances in transmission of the corresponding two-frequency pumping radiation. Thus CPT resonances, detected by the elaborated method, may be used in atomic frequency standards and sensitive magnetometers (based on the CPT phenomenon) and also in ultahigh resolution spectroscopy of atoms and molecules.
Coherent population trapping (CPT) is a technique in ultrahigh-resolution spectroscopy, developed in recent years. It relies on the nonlinear coherent interaction between an atomic system and incident electromagnetic radiation and is followed by an analysis of the fine structure of the response to this interaction, which contains information about the spectral characteristics of the quantum system. The basic physics of CPT are reviewed, and the effects of level relaxation and structure, and of external factors, on CPT dynamics and characteristics are examined. Experimental results confirming the validity of theoretical ideas on CPT are presented. Possible applications of CPT to frequency stabilization, laser cooling of atoms, and so on are discussed.