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Physics-Uspekhi

Coherent population trapping in quantum systems

B. D. Agap'ev, M. B. Gornyi, Boris G. Matisov, Yu. V. Rozhdestvenskiǐ

Published Sep 30, 1993• 138 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherent population trapping (CPT) is a technique in ultrahigh-resolution spectroscopy, developed in recent years. It relies on the nonlinear coherent interaction between an atomic system and incident electromagnetic radiation and is followed by an analysis of the fine structure of the response to this interaction, which contains information about the spectral characteristics of the quantum system. The basic physics of CPT are reviewed, and the effects of level relaxation and structure, and of external factors, on CPT dynamics and characteristics are examined. Experimental results confirming the validity of theoretical ideas on CPT are presented. Possible applications of CPT to frequency stabilization, laser cooling of atoms, and so on are discussed.

DOI
10.1070/pu1993v036n09abeh002306

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Coherent population trapping (CPT) is a technique in ultrahigh-resolution spectroscopy, developed in recent years. It relies on the nonlinear coherent interaction between an atomic system and incident electromagnetic radiation and is followed by an analysis of the fine structure of the response to this interaction, which contains information about the spectral characteristics of the quantum system. The basic physics of CPT are reviewed, and the effects of level relaxation and structure, and of external factors, on CPT dynamics and characteristics are examined. Experimental results confirming the validity of theoretical ideas on CPT are presented. Possible applications of CPT to frequency stabilization, laser cooling of atoms, and so on are discussed.
At the conditions of two-photon resonance the effect of coherent population trapping (CPT) can take place. The CPT may be observed as in absorption so in resonance fluorescence. The CPT is widely applied in high resolution spectroscopy, laser cooling, atomic optics and so on. Earlier the peculiarities of CPT resonances on fine structure levels of an atom have been considered on example of thallium atoms. It was shown that the form and number of resonances are influenced by geometry of experiment and initial conditions (initial level populations). As the investigations of CPT on fine structure levels are the object of interest last years, we have considered the numerical analysis of dependence the form of CPT resonances on fine structure levels of T1 atoms as lower levels of Λ-system on polarization of radiation fields. The cases of elliptical, linear and circular polarization have been considered.
A new source of the bichromatic laser field with a stable mean value of the difference frequency is used to study coherent population trapping (CPT). A high stability of the difference phase of the fields of the radiation source is achieved by phase locking the radiation frequency of two semiconductor lasers to longitudinal modes of a femtosecond laser. The first experimental results on the spectroscopy of CPT resonances in rubidium are presented. The possibility of using the new method for spectroscopy of CPT resonances in rare-earth atom vapours is discussed.
This paper presents the search for physical mechanisms and on their basis of selective modulation of the optical frequencies in a distribution of multi-frequency laser radiation is one of the most important problems whose solution will greatly expand the capabilities of existing systems DWDM. One well-known physical effects, providing effective selective interaction of optical radiation with a material medium is the interaction of electromagnetic fields with three-level, or Λ systems. In these three-level system is observed fundamental physical phenomenon a coherent population trapping (CPT). One of the first practical examples of the CPT is to stabilize the emission frequency of optical frequency standards for optical bench, which is a resonance of CPT.
We have detected and analyzed narrow, high contrast coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances, which appear in transmission of the probe monochromatic light beam under action of the counter propagating two frequency laser radiation, on example of the nonclosed three level A-system formed by spectral components of the Doppler broadened D2line of cesium atoms. Given resonances may be used in atomic frequency standards, sensitive magnetometers and in ultrahigh resolution laser spectroscopy of atoms and molecules.
A method of dynamic continuous-wave spectroscopy of coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances using phase modulation of the jump type is developed. The time evolution of the spectroscopic signal is investigated. A method for the formation of an error signal for frequency stabilization is proposed. We show that our approach has a reduced sensitivity to the line-shape asymmetry of the CPT resonance. The experimental results are in good qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions based on a mathematical model of a three-level $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ system in a bichromatic field. This method can be used in atomic frequency standards (including chip-scale atomic clocks).
Abstract We develop a theory of modulation response of the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance. We consider the simplest three-level atom, but take into account the polychromatic spectrum of the pumping and probing light produced by pure FM modulation of single frequency field. The analysis based on the density matrix equations rigorously includes the most important for applications range of modulation parameters where modulation frequency and deviation are comparable with or greater than the CPT linewidth, so the response of the atomic medium is not adiabatic. Some theoretical results, in particular the possibility of using a quadrature response to modulation to suppress light shift, are compared with the experiment carried out with a diode laser (VCSEL) and 87 Rb atoms.