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Physical Review A

Coherent population trapping resonances in Cs atoms excited by elliptically polarized light

K. A. Nasyrov, S. Cartaleva, Nikolay Petrov, V. Biancalana, Yordanka V. Dancheva, E. Mariotti, L. Moi

Published Jul 25, 2006• 31 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances study in Hanle configuration is reported for different polarizations of the exciting light field, on the ${D}_{2}$ line of Cs atoms. While for linear/circular polarization dip/peak in the fluorescence is registered, in case of elliptical polarization, a complex shape resonance is evidenced experimentally, whose profile strongly depends on the ellipticity of polarization. A theoretical model is proposed and developed, which includes the influence on the resonance of polarization ellipticity, transverse magnetic field, and spatial intensity profile of the laser beam. Good agreement is found between the theoretical and experimental results. The reported results allow one to accomplish more profound than in previous research analysis of the CPT resonances behavior pointing out their sensitivity to the light polarization and power as well as to transverse magnetic fields. The presented study is of general importance for the wide application of the coherent resonances in high resolution spectroscopy and precise measurements. The purity of linear/circular polarization of the light needed in different applications can be estimated implementing the proposed model.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.74.013811

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Coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances study in Hanle configuration is reported for different polarizations of the exciting light field, on the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line of Cs atoms. While for linear/circular polarization dip/peak in the fluorescence is registered, in case of elliptical polarization, a complex shape resonance is evidenced experimentally, whose profile strongly depends on the ellipticity of polarization. A theoretical model is proposed and developed, which includes the influence on the resonance of polarization ellipticity, transverse magnetic field, and spatial intensity profile of the laser beam. Good agreement is found between the theoretical and experimental results. The reported results allow one to accomplish more profound than in previous research analysis of the CPT resonances behavior pointing out their sensitivity to the light polarization and power as well as to transverse magnetic fields. The presented study is of general importance for the wide application of the coherent resonances in high resolution spectroscopy and precise measurements. The purity of linear/circular polarization of the light needed in different applications can be estimated implementing the proposed model.
In the present communication we report on the investigation of the effect of elliptically polarized laser light exciting the Fg=3 Cs D2 absorption line. Coherent resonances in Cs have been studied, obtained in Hanle configuration by scanning of magnetic field parallel to the light propagation direction. The resonances were investigated depending on the polarization of the irradiating light field. It has been observed that for linear polarization dark resonances in the fluorescence are registered, while for circularly polarized light, bright resonances are obtained, probably due to stray orthogonal magnetic field. For elliptical polarization a narrow peak appears superimposed on a broader dip. Theoretical description has been made, which shows that at elliptical polarization and orthogonal magnetic field in the case of weak light fields, a single peak in the excited state population is observed, while strong fields lead to the splitting of this peak into two peaks. The presence of both weak and strong light fields, probably due to reflection of the light beam on the cell walls, could lead to the experimentally observed fluorescence behaviour.
At the conditions of two-photon resonance the effect of coherent population trapping (CPT) can take place. The CPT may be observed as in absorption so in resonance fluorescence. The CPT is widely applied in high resolution spectroscopy, laser cooling, atomic optics and so on. Earlier the peculiarities of CPT resonances on fine structure levels of an atom have been considered on example of thallium atoms. It was shown that the form and number of resonances are influenced by geometry of experiment and initial conditions (initial level populations). As the investigations of CPT on fine structure levels are the object of interest last years, we have considered the numerical analysis of dependence the form of CPT resonances on fine structure levels of T1 atoms as lower levels of Λ-system on polarization of radiation fields. The cases of elliptical, linear and circular polarization have been considered.
The dependence of the shape of resonances of coherent population trapping (CPT) on magnetic sublevels of thallium atoms, forming a generalized Λ-system with the magnetic sublevels of the fine-structure levels as lower ones, on the polarization of the radiation fields has been numerically studied. The cases of linear, elliptical, and circular polarizations have been considered. The shape and the number of CPT resonances for different polarizations have been compared. It has been concluded that the electromagnetically induced transparency can be changed by changing the polarization properties of the laser radiation. The possibility to decrease the number of observed resonances may be useful in high-resolution spectroscopy.
The shape of the coherent-population-trapping (CPT) resonances was investigated theoretically and experimentally at different laser powers. The CPT resonances were observed in fluorescence on the degenerate two-level system of the $({F}_{\ensuremath{\varphi}}=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{f}=1)$ transition of the 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb D1{D}_{1}D1​ line by means of a Hanle effect configuration in an uncoated vacuum cell. Numerical simulations based on the density matrix formalism, which take into account the high-rank polarization moment (HRPMs) influence and the velocity distribution of the atoms, were used to calculate the shape of the nonlinear magnetic resonances. The comparison of the theoretical and experimental shapes of the CPT resonances demonstrated that the HRPMs influence the shape at all laser excitation powers, and this influence can be used to explain some peculiarities at the center of the CPT resonance shape.
This work is concerned with the line profiles, amplitudes and widths of the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances due to low frequency Zeeman coherences, in the Hanle configuration, applied to 87Rb atoms in the vacuum cell. Detailed calculations of the fluorescence were done with two different transverse intensity profiles of the excitation laser tuned to the open Fg = 2 → Fe = 1 transition. Comparison with experiment produces good agreement for the laser intensity dependence of CPT line-widths in the wide range of the laser intensity, when the laser transverse beam profile is Gaussian. Results for both step-like and Gaussian profile of the laser beam show asymptotic 1/√d dependence (d is the laser beam diameter) of CPT line-widths, for large range of the laser intensity.
Coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances on the degenerate two-level system of the (Fg=2→Fe=1) transition of the 87Rb D1 line were investigated in an uncoated vacuum cell by means of level-crossing type experiments-sweeping a magnetic field around zero value and using a single laser beam. The two-photon resonance manifests itself as fluorescence canceling when the system of levels is degenerate (at zero point of magnetic field). The influence of weak transverse magnetic fields on the amplitude and width of the resonance was investigated. The CPT resonances were observed with linear, circular and elliptical polarized laser light. Transverse magnetic field widens the resonances obtained by linear and circular polarization but splits the resonance created by slightly elliptically polarized laser light. The dependence of this splitting on the elliptical ratio and experimental geometry were investigated. Due to its narrow width and sensitivity to low magnetic fields (< 1 G) this resonance is very promising for small magnetic field measurement.