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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Line shapes and widths of CPT resonances: effect of laser beam profile in open atomic system

Milan Radonjić, D. Arsenović, Z. D. Grujić, B. M. Jelenkovic

Published Dec 22, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This work is concerned with the line profiles, amplitudes and widths of the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances due to low frequency Zeeman coherences, in the Hanle configuration, applied to 87Rb atoms in the vacuum cell. Detailed calculations of the fluorescence were done with two different transverse intensity profiles of the excitation laser tuned to the open Fg = 2 → Fe = 1 transition. Comparison with experiment produces good agreement for the laser intensity dependence of CPT line-widths in the wide range of the laser intensity, when the laser transverse beam profile is Gaussian. Results for both step-like and Gaussian profile of the laser beam show asymptotic 1/√d dependence (d is the laser beam diameter) of CPT line-widths, for large range of the laser intensity.

DOI
10.1117/12.822462

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This work is concerned with the line profiles, amplitudes and widths of the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances due to low frequency Zeeman coherences, in the Hanle configuration, applied to 87Rb atoms in the vacuum cell. Detailed calculations of the fluorescence were done with two different transverse intensity profiles of the excitation laser tuned to the open Fg = 2 → Fe = 1 transition. Comparison with experiment produces good agreement for the laser intensity dependence of CPT line-widths in the wide range of the laser intensity, when the laser transverse beam profile is Gaussian. Results for both step-like and Gaussian profile of the laser beam show asymptotic 1/√d dependence (d is the laser beam diameter) of CPT line-widths, for large range of the laser intensity.
We calculated the coherent population trapping (CPT) for the open D1D1D1 line transition ${F}_{g}=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{g}=1$ in 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb by solving the time-dependent optical Bloch equations, integrating the results for the total excited state populations over atomic trajectories, and averaging over velocities (components perpendicular and parallel to the laser beam) and over atom incident angles to the laser beam. We obtained a square root dependence of the CPT linewidths as a function of the laser intensity for both steplike and Gaussian transverse beam profiles. The results obtained with the Gaussian transverse laser beam profile are in good agreement with recent experimental results. Results for both steplike and Gaussian profiles of the laser beam show asymptotic 1∕d1∕\sqrt{d}1∕d​ dependence (ddd is the laser beam diameter) of the CPT linewidths, for a large range of the laser intensity.
We calculated line-shapes of the coherent population trapping (CPT) for the open transition in 87Rb by solving time-dependent optical Bloch equations and averaging results for the total excited state populations over atomic trajectories and velocities, while taking into account incident angles to the laser beam. Comparison with experiment produces good agreement for the laser intensity dependence of the CPT line-widths when the laser transverse beam profile is Gaussian. This theoretical model was used to calculate the probe laser CPT in the case of spatially separated pump beam. The probe beam is placed inside the cylindrically-shaped pump beam. The calculations as well as measurements show narrowing of the Hanle resonance due to Ramsey effect.
The investigation of the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance on the degenerate two-level system of the (Fg=2→Fe=1) transition of the 87Rb D1 line by means of Hanle effect configuration in an uncoated vacuum cell (Opt. Lett. 28, 1817, 2003), has shown that the measured in fluorescence resonance has a complex shape: a very narrow (about 1mG) resonance superimposed on a broader one (about few tens mG). In this work the narrow and wide CPT resonances are registered in fluorescence, transmitted light and Faraday rotation. The dependence of the CPT resonances structures width and amplitude are measured at different laser power densities when the registration was in fluorescence and transmission. While the narrow resonance width doesn't change in the limits of the accuracy of our measurements, the wide resonance width dependence is complex and it is different in fluorescence and transmission. The origin of the observed dependencies and the differences between CPT signals observed in fluorescence and transmission are discussed.
We analyze the line shape and width of atomic coherent-population-trapping (CPT) resonances excited by laser beams with different transverse intensity profiles. A dramatic difference in the resonance line shape is found when comparing a beam with a ``steplike'' profile to a beam with a Gaussian profile. In particular, for nonuniform profiles, a non-Lorentzian functional form is given that is more appropriate for describing the nonlinear resonance line shape than is a conventional Lorentzian. Our analysis is supported by measurements of CPT line shapes in a thermal vapor of 85Rb.{}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}.85Rb.
The investigation of the coherent-population-trapping (CPT) resonance on the degenerate two-level system of the $({F}_{g}=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=1)$ transition of the 87RbD1^{87}\mathrm{Rb}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{D}_{1}87RbD1​ line by means of a Hanle effect configuration in an uncoated vacuum cell [Opt. Lett. 28, 1817 (2003)] has shown that the measured in fluorescence resonance has a complex shape---a very narrow (about 1 mG) structure superimposed on a broader one (about few tens of mG). In this work, the dependence of the width and amplitude of the CPT resonance structures are measured at different laser power densities when the registration is in fluorescence and transmission. While the narrow resonance width does not change within the limits of the accuracy of our measurements, the wide resonance width dependence is complex and is different in fluorescence and transmission. The origins of the observed resonance width narrowing of the CPT resonance structures registered in fluorescence and transmission are discussed.
Coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances in the degenerate two-level system of the Fg = 2 → Fe = 1) transition of the 87Rb D1 line were investigated in an uncoated vacuum cell by means of Hanle effect configuration. CPT signals with complex shape (narrow resonance approximately 2 mG superimposed on the wide one approximately 150 mG) were observed. The influence of weak transverse magnetic fields (0-1.2 G) on the amplitude and width of the two components was measured. The observed narrow resonances are interesting for application in high resolution spectroscopy and magnetometry.