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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Coherent effects in the field of elliptically polarized light

C. Andreeva, V. Biancalana, S. Cartaleva, Yordanka V. Dancheva, Todor S. Karaulanov, E. Mariotti, L. Moi, K. A. Nasyrov

Published Jun 21, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the present communication we report on the investigation of the effect of elliptically polarized laser light exciting the Fg=3 Cs D2 absorption line. Coherent resonances in Cs have been studied, obtained in Hanle configuration by scanning of magnetic field parallel to the light propagation direction. The resonances were investigated depending on the polarization of the irradiating light field. It has been observed that for linear polarization dark resonances in the fluorescence are registered, while for circularly polarized light, bright resonances are obtained, probably due to stray orthogonal magnetic field. For elliptical polarization a narrow peak appears superimposed on a broader dip. Theoretical description has been made, which shows that at elliptical polarization and orthogonal magnetic field in the case of weak light fields, a single peak in the excited state population is observed, while strong fields lead to the splitting of this peak into two peaks. The presence of both weak and strong light fields, probably due to reflection of the light beam on the cell walls, could lead to the experimentally observed fluorescence behaviour.

DOI
10.1117/12.563213

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In the present communication we report on the investigation of the effect of elliptically polarized laser light exciting the Fg=3 Cs D2 absorption line. Coherent resonances in Cs have been studied, obtained in Hanle configuration by scanning of magnetic field parallel to the light propagation direction. The resonances were investigated depending on the polarization of the irradiating light field. It has been observed that for linear polarization dark resonances in the fluorescence are registered, while for circularly polarized light, bright resonances are obtained, probably due to stray orthogonal magnetic field. For elliptical polarization a narrow peak appears superimposed on a broader dip. Theoretical description has been made, which shows that at elliptical polarization and orthogonal magnetic field in the case of weak light fields, a single peak in the excited state population is observed, while strong fields lead to the splitting of this peak into two peaks. The presence of both weak and strong light fields, probably due to reflection of the light beam on the cell walls, could lead to the experimentally observed fluorescence behaviour.
Coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances study in Hanle configuration is reported for different polarizations of the exciting light field, on the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line of Cs atoms. While for linear/circular polarization dip/peak in the fluorescence is registered, in case of elliptical polarization, a complex shape resonance is evidenced experimentally, whose profile strongly depends on the ellipticity of polarization. A theoretical model is proposed and developed, which includes the influence on the resonance of polarization ellipticity, transverse magnetic field, and spatial intensity profile of the laser beam. Good agreement is found between the theoretical and experimental results. The reported results allow one to accomplish more profound than in previous research analysis of the CPT resonances behavior pointing out their sensitivity to the light polarization and power as well as to transverse magnetic fields. The presented study is of general importance for the wide application of the coherent resonances in high resolution spectroscopy and precise measurements. The purity of linear/circular polarization of the light needed in different applications can be estimated implementing the proposed model.
The dependence of the fluorescence intensity of Cs vapor irradiated by elliptically polarized light resonant with the F = 4 → F = 5 transition on the scanned magnetic field has a complex shape — a narrow dip against the background of a broad peak. It is found experimentally that the dip is due to the small component of the magnetic field orthogonal to the direction of the laser beam. A two-level atom model with degenerate angular-momentum states predicts an order of magnitude lower contrast of this dip. The experimentally observed contrast of the dip can be explained by assuming that due to the low buffer-gas pressure in the optical cell, part of the resonant atoms is able to return to the laser beam without thermalized collisions with the wall of the cell, increasing the contrast. In addition, accounting for all optical transitions of the D 2-line and the optical pumping of the hyperfine-structure components of the ground state is a fundamental point for the interpretation of the experimental results.
Subnatural-width resonances due to coherent effects in optical pumping at hyperfine (hf) transitions of Rb are investigated using a linearly or circularly polarized single-frequency diode laser beam. The sign and amplitude of the resonances in the fluorescence are measured by scanning the laser frequency over the hf transitions of the Rb D 1 and D 2 lines. The fluorescence perpendicular to the laser beam is detected as a function of magnetic field parallel to the beam propagation and scanned around zero value. In the case of linear polarization of the field, dark resonances are observed for hf transitions with F g → F e = F g -1 and F g → F e = F g , and bright resonances are observed for transitions with F g → F e = F g + 1. This is in agreement with the recently developed theories. For all (except F g = 2→ F e = 3, 85 Rb, D 1 line) hf transitions the sign of the resonances reverses when the polarization of the field changes to circular. The amplitudes of the resonances correspond to the probability of the hf transitions and to the calculated loss rate of the population to the ground hf level not excited by the laser field. The observed narrow resonances (FWHM: few tens of kHz) and their sensitivity to weak magnetic fields are interesting for high-resolution spectroscopy and for development of simple and precise magnetometers.
Coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances on the degenerate two-level system of the (Fg=2→Fe=1) transition of the 87Rb D1 line were investigated in an uncoated vacuum cell by means of level-crossing type experiments-sweeping a magnetic field around zero value and using a single laser beam. The two-photon resonance manifests itself as fluorescence canceling when the system of levels is degenerate (at zero point of magnetic field). The influence of weak transverse magnetic fields on the amplitude and width of the resonance was investigated. The CPT resonances were observed with linear, circular and elliptical polarized laser light. Transverse magnetic field widens the resonances obtained by linear and circular polarization but splits the resonance created by slightly elliptically polarized laser light. The dependence of this splitting on the elliptical ratio and experimental geometry were investigated. Due to its narrow width and sensitivity to low magnetic fields (< 1 G) this resonance is very promising for small magnetic field measurement.
We analyze the Hanle effect on the closed Fg equals 3 yields Fe equals 4 D2-line transition of 85Rb, by both numerical solutions of the optical Bloch equations and by experimental investigations on cell containing rubidium vapor. For laser radiation with linear polarization orthogonal to the applied magnetic field, the Hanle signal is characterized by narrow bright resonances at low laser intensities. A bright resonance Hanle signal is obtained also exciting the rubidium atoms by circularly polarized laser light and scanning a transversely applied magnetic field, at different values of an applied longitudinal magnetic field. We report experimental and numerical evidence of this new bright resonance.
We have studied experimentally and theoretically Hanle EIA on the closed Fg = 3 goes to Fe = 4 D2 transition of 85Rb. Atoms were excited by the laser light with different polarization, from linear to circular. Results of the theoretical calculations of the laser transmission, based on optical Bloch equations for density matrix elements for the same atomic system, show important effects of magnetic field transverse to the laser light. We were not able to control transverse magnetic field in the experiment but the theoretical results are still applicable to our experimental data due the presence of laboratory stray magnetic field in the vicinity of the Rb cell, occurring because of imperfect magnetic shielding.