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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

Light shift measurements in a diode-laser-pumped /sup 87/Rb maser

Jinquan Deng, Jinting Liu, Shaofeng An, Yongfang Tan, Xiwen Zhu

Published Jan 1, 1994• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Light shifts in a diode-laser-pumped /sup 87/Rb maser under the various conditions of laser intensities and frequency detunings were measured, and a linear dependence of the maser frequency on the laser intensities and frequencies was derived. The pulling coefficient of the maser frequency from the laser was found to be about 2.9/spl times/10/sup -3/, and the light shift could be minimized when the laser frequency was adjusted to near the center frequency of the resonance cell.>

DOI
10.1109/19.310167

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Investigation of Rubidium Hyperfine Structure Frequency Stabilization Mechanisms.

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The linewidth and frequency associated with the ground state hyperfine energy fo Rb 87 has been studied. A stable single mode semiconductor laser is used to optically pump Rb, in order to obtain a highly collimated, monochromatic light source. The laser is stabilized by locking its optical frequency to the Rb absorption line center. The dependence of the hyperfine frequency and resonance linewidth have been measured as a function of temperature, light intensity and microwave power; and a theoretical description of the linewidth vs. temperature data is presented. Keywords: Optical pumping; Rubidium; Frequency standard; Frequency shift; Light shift; Density matrix; Buffer gas; Linewidth; and Magnetic resonance.

•Aug 1, 1984•0 citations
Light shifts in a diode-laser-pumped /sup 87/Rb maser under the various conditions of laser intensities and frequency detunings were measured, and a linear dependence of the maser frequency on the laser intensities and frequencies was derived. The pulling coefficient of the maser frequency from the laser was found to be about 2.9/spl times/10/sup -3/, and the light shift could be minimized when the laser frequency was adjusted to near the center frequency of the resonance cell.>
We report the operation of a 87^{87}87Rb maser in the self-oscillating mode, using a laser diode as the optical pumping source. The maser uses a TE021_{021}021​ cavity surrounding a cell containing the atoms and 11 Torr of N2_{2}2​ as the buffer gas. The optical pumping is accomplished by using a commercial laser diode frequency-locked on the linear absorption line of an external rubidium cell. The maser output power is maximized when the laser spectrum is spread by modulating its frequency through the variation of its injection current. The maser output power is also presented for various modulation waveforms and frequencies. We find that the spurious sidebands induced by the modulation can be minimized. Finally, the linear dependence between the laser and maser frequencies is shown. We find that the relative maser frequency pulling from the laser is about 4.6×10−34.6 \times 10^{-3}4.6×10−3.
The /sup 87/Rb cell frequency standard, optically pumped by a laser diode, is of great interest in the development of high short-term stability oscillators. We report experiments performed on a rubidium cell prototype aiming at evaluate the transfer of the laser noise to the hyperfine clock transition via the light shift effect, which appears to be the main contribution to the observed short term frequency stability in this kind of standard. Pulsed optical pumping will also be examined in order to strongly reduce the light shift effect and to achieve the theoretical limit never approached up to now despite the strong detected microwave signals.
ln recent years, laser pumped Rb atomic clocks have been numerously studied and developed to reduce "light shift" and increase the accuracy and stability of the frequency. Previously, we reoorted on the measurement of the linewidths and S/N of the optical-microwave double resonance signal and the light shift in a Rb atomic clock pumped by a stabilized diode laser. In this paper, the light shift was numerically calculated by using the theory proposed by Cohen-Tannoudji & Barrat. Furthermore, contributions of the laser power and frequency detuning to the light shift were also estimated to attain the microwave frequency stability as high as 10^<-12>.
We calculated the oscillation power and total linewidth of the diode-laser-pumped Rb87 maser with spatial variations of the pumping rate and the radiative microwave field in the resonance cell. It is found that the maximum oscillation power P max corresponding to the optimum pumping rate Γ opt does not increase monotonically with the atomic density n 0 and that the short-term frequency stability of the maser corresponding to P max is about a factor of three better than that currently obtained with a lamp-pumped Rb87 maser. Some results are in fair agreement with our previous experiments. We also examined the variation of the oscillation powers vs light intensity in an average mode for three laser-pumping schemes with different frequencies and polarizations of the diode lasers.
The linewidth and frequency associated with the ground state hyperfine energy fo Rb 87 has been studied. A stable single mode semiconductor laser is used to optically pump Rb, in order to obtain a highly collimated, monochromatic light source. The laser is stabilized by locking its optical frequency to the Rb absorption line center. The dependence of the hyperfine frequency and resonance linewidth have been measured as a function of temperature, light intensity and microwave power; and a theoretical description of the linewidth vs. temperature data is presented. Keywords: Optical pumping; Rubidium; Frequency standard; Frequency shift; Light shift; Density matrix; Buffer gas; Linewidth; and Magnetic resonance.