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IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control

Light shift compensation in a Rb gas cell frequency standard with two-laser pumping

Jinquan Deng

Published Nov 1, 2001• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

One of the most important physical processes occurring in Rb frequency standards is the light shift, which depends strongly on the intensity and the optical frequency detuning of the pumping light. This paper presents a method to compensate the light shift by means of two-laser pumping. The two-laser pumping schemes will also improve the signal-to-noise ratio, because almost all atoms can be pumped to the desired state.

DOI
10.1109/58.971718

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Light shift compensation in a Rb gas cell frequency standard with two-laser-pumping

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One of the most important physical processes occurring in Rb frequency standards is the light shift, which depends strongly on the intensity and the optical frequency detuning of the pumping light. This paper presents a method to compensate the light shift by means of two-laser pumping. The two-laser pumping schemes will also improve the signal-to-noise ratio, because almost all atoms can be pumped to the desired state.
In this paper we present a detailed description of a method for reduction of the light shift in laser-pumped gas-cell atomic clocks. The method consists in using a multi-frequency optical pumping obtained through frequency modulation of the laser spectrum with precisely controllable parameters. Experimental evidence of a strong reduction of the frequency dependence of the LS in an optical pumping Rb gas-cell clock is demonstrated in a large frequency interval, which is in a very good agreement with the numerical estimations reported.
One impediment to achieving the promise of enhanced laser-pumped gas cell clock performance resides with the light-shift effect, a phenomenon whereby diode laser optical frequency fluctuations are mapped onto the atomic clock's output frequency. The alternative to tightly stabilizing the diode laser in order to overcome this problem is to develop means of reducing the actual magnitude of the light-shift. Here, we briefly review two strategies for accomplishing this, and introduce a new one based on optical pumping with laser-induced-fluorescence (LIF). The advantage of LIF optical pumping is that the clock's output frequency is insensitive to laser frequency fluctuations. Though LIF optical pumping creates a dependence of clock frequency on laser intensity variations, it is to be noted that diode lasers have very low intensity noise. Consequently, with regards to the light-shift effect the LIF strategy takes advantage of an inherent diode laser strength.
The /sup 87/Rb cell frequency standard, optically pumped by a laser diode, is of great interest in the development of high short-term stability oscillators. We report experiments performed on a rubidium cell prototype aiming at evaluate the transfer of the laser noise to the hyperfine clock transition via the light shift effect, which appears to be the main contribution to the observed short term frequency stability in this kind of standard. Pulsed optical pumping will also be examined in order to strongly reduce the light shift effect and to achieve the theoretical limit never approached up to now despite the strong detected microwave signals.
One impediment to achieving the promise of enhanced laser-pumped gas cell clock performance resides with the light-shift effect, a phenomenon whereby diode laser optical frequency fluctuations are mapped onto the atomic clock‘s output frequency. The alternative to tightly stabilizing the diode laser in order to overcome this problem is to develop means of reducing the actual magnitude of the light-shift. Here, we briefly review two strategies for accomplishing this, and introduce a new one based on optical pumping with laser-induced-fluorescence (LIF). The advantage of LIF optical pumping is that the clock‘s output frequency is insensitive to laser frequency fluctuations. Though LIF optical pumping creates a dependence of clock frequency on laser intensity variations, it is to be noted that diode lasers have very low intensity noise. Consequently, with regards to the light-shift effect the LIF strategy takes advantage of an inherent diode laser strength.
We investigate a novel method to suppress the light-shift effect in laser-pumped passive rubidium frequency standards. The reduction of the light-shift due to additional frequency components in the pumping light is studied theoretically and compared to experimental results obtained with a frequency-modulated DBR laser diode as a pumping light source. In this way, a reduction of the light shift by a factor of 55 was successfully demonstrated. Complete cancellation of the light shift can be reached with a suitably adjusted modulation index and frequency.