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IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

Extended phase-mode logic-circuits with resistive ground contact

Takeshi Onomi, Yoshinao Mizugaki, Kiyotaka Nakajima, Takashi Yamashita

Published Jan 1, 1995• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present extended phase-mode logic (EPL) circuits which have resistive ground contact. The phase-mode logic utilizes magnetic flux-transfer and is based on pulse propagation, i.e., it is one of single flux quantum systems. The proposed logic circuits of the EPL family can have the same ground reference, contrary to the original phase-mode circuits, Therefore, it is possible to couple different EPL elements on a single ground reference. Basic components of the EPL family (a phase-conserving branch, a phase-distributing branch, and an INHIBIT gate controlled by fluxon) are presented. The phase-distributing branch and the INHIBIT gate have been fabricated using a Nb/AlO/sub x//Nb Josephson-junction technology and tested. A fan-in operation of the phase-distributing branch and the first full operation of the INHIBIT gate are successfully demonstrated. As an example of the EPL logic circuits consisting of plural gates on a single ground reference, a simulation of a 2-bit full adder circuit is also presented.>

DOI
10.1109/77.413152

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We present extended phase-mode logic (EPL) circuits which have resistive ground contact. The phase-mode logic utilizes magnetic flux-transfer and is based on pulse propagation, i.e., it is one of single flux quantum systems. The proposed logic circuits of the EPL family can have the same ground reference, contrary to the original phase-mode circuits, Therefore, it is possible to couple different EPL elements on a single ground reference. Basic components of the EPL family (a phase-conserving branch, a phase-distributing branch, and an INHIBIT gate controlled by fluxon) are presented. The phase-distributing branch and the INHIBIT gate have been fabricated using a Nb/AlO/sub x//Nb Josephson-junction technology and tested. A fan-in operation of the phase-distributing branch and the first full operation of the INHIBIT gate are successfully demonstrated. As an example of the EPL logic circuits consisting of plural gates on a single ground reference, a simulation of a 2-bit full adder circuit is also presented.>
We present the design and the fabrication of an adder circuit in the extended phase-mode logic family. The phase-mode logic is a single flux quantum (SFQ) logic which utilizes an SFQ as an information bit carrier. The single-bit adder circuit is made up of an INHIBIT gate which is the basic device of the phase-mode logic. The circuit has been designed and fabricated using Nb/AlO/sub x//Nb Josephson junctions with Josephson critical current density of 1.0 kA/cm/sup 2/. In order to confirm the circuit operation, the fabricated adder circuit has been tested at low speed. For investigating the possibility of a high-frequency operation, dc voltages generated by fluxon pulse trains have been measured. From the Josephson voltage-frequency relation, the result shows that the circuit has potential to complete the carry operation within 20 psec.
An integrated circuit including all basic components of the recently suggested Resistive Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) logic family has been designed, fabricated and tested successfully. The circuit includes a generator of periodic SFQ pulses, four buffer/amplifier stages for splitting, channeling and regeneration of the pulses, a detector/load stage, and universal RSFQ logic gate (here performing the NOT function). The 10μm design rule circuit employs 13 active Nb - Al2O3- Nb Josephson junctions with the critical current density ∼ 0.5 kA/cm2. externally shunted by Mo resistors with R 1 Ohm. The shunting provided critical damping of the junctions (\beta_{c}\lsim 1) and reasonable (\sim 500 \muV) IcR product. The circuit operation has been tested by measurement of dc voltages\bar{V}_{i}across various Josephson junctions as functions of the dc current through the pulse generator. Correct and stable operation of the circuit for the clock frequencies from 0 to ∼30 GHz has been demonstrated.
In this paper, we explore a new set of circuits that incorporate both single-flux-quantum and quantized charge-based complementary quantum logic circuits. Circuits that convert single-flux quantum voltage pulses to quantized charge pulses and vice versa, leading to circuits that simplify logic and integration operations of individual flux and charge-based logic circuits, are introduced. These include fan-out circuits that enable single flux input to several charge outputs as well as control gate circuit with charge input controlling flux output. The operation of these circuits is demonstrated in simulations using WRSPICE. An XOR gate implementation is presented as an example to illustrate the operation of these circuits. The developed complementary quantum logic circuits show promise for higher power efficiency and simpler design in the form of fewer junctions for a given logic implementation, leading to the possibility of higher integration density.
ABSTRACT This paper reviews the several families of single-flux-quantum logic that haveappeared in the literature as well as a new one designed in our Laboratory. Some ofthese have been evaluated in full-adder circuits and found to have approximately the same latency (time between input and output) as a voltage-state circuit. It is pointed out that the throughput of single-flux-quantum circuits can be much higherthan with voltage-state circuits because of a much shorter reset time. The applica-tions for these circuits are greatest in data-independent computation such as signalprocessing. The prospects and problems for these kinds of circuits are discussed bothfor low- and high-temperature superconductors. 1. LOGIC FAMILIES The several families of single-flux-quantum logic that have been reported can be divided into two groups. One type transfers clock current from one branch of acircuit to another and typically has a three-phase clock. The other type of flux quantum logic employs single-flux-quantum pulses that propagate between gates to rep-resent logic signals. The clock also consists of pulses, and they can be generatedon-chip.
Three digital logic families that can be made using nonhysteretic Josephson junctions (potentially the only kind of Josephson device realizable with superconductors having high transition temperatures) are analyzed. These logic families utilize magnetic flux-transfer, and are characterized by very low power dissipation. Rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) and phase-mode logic are both based on pulse propagation. The quantum flux parametron (QFP) logic family is based on current latching. Simulations of RSFQ, Phase-Mode, and QFP logic families using high-T/sub c/ junction parameters are presented to demonstrate the compatibility of these logic families with the perovskite superconductors. The operation of these logic families is analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed.
We present the phase-mode circuits based on new fabrication process elements for high-density circuit integration. Nb/AlN/sub x//Nb overdamped junctions without external resistive shunts are applied to the phase-mode circuits. The area of a bias feed resistor can be reduced by a replacement of the metallic resistor by the junction normal resistance. As a miniaturization method of an inductance, the effective inductance of a Josephson junction is used. The phase-mode circuits based on these new integration methods have been fabricated by Nb integration technology. Various aspects which are brought about by these fabrication technologies are discussed.