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Journal of Lightwave Technology

Double security level in a telecommunication system based on phase coding and false data transmission

Bruno Wacogne, Mark D. Jackson, N E Fisher, Adrian Gh. Podoleanu, David A. Jackson

Published May 1, 1996• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new communication system exhibiting a double security level is demonstrated. Information coding is based on relative phase changes between consecutive time intervals of the light emitted from a highly coherent CW source. An imbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer whose time delay matches the intervals duration is used to decode the data. The first security level is related to the constant optical power in the transmission link. To further enhance the security, a low coherent source is used to send false data down the transmission link. Common mode rejection is used to separate the real signal from the false signal. This system provides a high signal-to-noise ratio as well as a low crosstalk in a wavelength division multiplexing network.

DOI
10.1109/50.495144

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A new communication system exhibiting a double security level is demonstrated. Information coding is based on relative phase changes between consecutive time intervals of the light emitted from a highly coherent CW source. An imbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer whose time delay matches the intervals duration is used to decode the data. The first security level is related to the constant optical power in the transmission link. To further enhance the security, a low coherent source is used to send false data down the transmission link. Common mode rejection is used to separate the real signal from the false signal. This system provides a high signal-to-noise ratio as well as a low crosstalk in a wavelength division multiplexing network.
In this conference, we demonstrate a new communication system exhibiting a double security level. Information coding is based on differential phase shift keying of the light emitted from a highly coherent CW source. An imbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer whose time delay matches the bit duration is used to decode the data. Since the optical power is constant in the transmission link, security levels comparable with those obtained in coherence modulation may be achieved. To further enhance the security, a low coherent source is used to send false data down the transmission link. The discrimination between real and false signal is based on common mode rejection. A study of the signal to noise ratio achieved with this system is also discussed in this manuscript.
Nowadays, it is important to consider not only the possibility of information multiplexing, but also the security aspect of its transmission. This article presents a novel telecommunication system based on relative phase coding. A highly coherent source is used to transmit data, which consists of a sequence of time intervals of duration ?, each exhibiting a different phase. At the receiver, this sequence propagates through an imbalanced Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) exhibiting a differential time-delay matching the time-interval duration ?. At the MZI output, two consecutive intervals overlap, and interferences occur. If the phases of two consecutive intervals are identical, constructive interferences produce a binary '1' at the decoder output. Conversely, if the phases of these intervals differ by ?, destructive interferences produce a binary '0'.
Secure optical communications involve securing data transmitted over optical networks, primarily using technologies like optical encryption to protect data in transit. We have developed an optical steganography communication technique based on a quantum dot coherent comb laser, laser channels have strong correlated phase relationship. Each stealth channel uses two comb lines, which operates through two paired Mach-Zehnder interferometers. One line carries data, while the other serves as a reference. At the transmitter, phase modulation adds data to one comb line. An optical delay introduces a mismatch between the two lines to make the data undetectable to others. At the receiver, a programmable tunable delay matches the assigned delays from the different stealth channels. If the tunable delay matches the delay difference between the two-comb lines, the signal is recovered. The system uses physical-layer encryption instead of digital encryption to ensure robust security, scalability, and real-time data protection without computational processing.
Data encryption/decryption is a very important issue in communication and networks. In the absolute security technique of quantum security, the data are encrypted/decrypted by quantum transported channel. The transported signals are randomly coded/decoded by using the quantum entanglement pairs. The quantum entangle is created by using a single pulse i.e. single photon that occupies the random polarization states, where the required polarization states can be formed by sender and receiver at any time via a quantum channel. In this paper, the single pulse is created by a CW laser diode in the classical Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The single pulse is generated and detected when a light beam is modulated by signal from signal generator with suitable driven frequency on a LiNbO/sub 3/ crystal. Then the entanglement signals can be realized and transmitted via classical optical system. The quantum dense coding can also be performed by the technique of dense wavelength division multiplexing technique, where each transmitted wavelength can be randomly formed entanglement pairs and the dense code/decode schemes use via cable or wireless transmission.
In this presentation, we discuss the security aspect of coherence modulation for telecommunications. Recently, we demonstrated a simple technique for decoding the signal without any decoder interferometer. We now demonstrate a secure alternative method based on the corruption of the interferometer's optical path difference. Experimental results at low bit rate using fiber interferometers as well as transmission at high bit rates using large-imbalanced integrated optic interferometers are presented. Considerations about the polarization state of the light are also discussed.
A novel photonic security system is described using 2-D spatial codes based on both optical phase and amplitude information. This security system consists of an optical interferometric encoding subsystem that rapidly reads and encodes the 2-D complex-valued spatial code, forming a wideband frequency modulated optical beam and a colinear optical reference beam. After appropriate coherence coding of this beam pair, the light is launched into a low probability of intercept communication channel such as an optical fiber or a narrow beamwidth free-space optical link. At the remote code receiving and data processing site, the received light beam pair is first coherently decoded. Then, a high speed photodetector via optical heterodyne detection generates an encoded wideband radio frequency signal that contains the original 2-D code. Decoding is implemented in parallel via two independent systems. One decoder uses a Fourier transforming lens to reconstruct an electronic image interferogram of the complex-valued user code. This image interferogram is sent to a high speed electronic image processor for verification purposes. The other decoder is a high speed coherent acousto-optic time integrating correlator that optically determines matchmismatch between the received encoded signal and the code signal generated by the electronic database. Improved security to the overall communication network is added by using various keycodes such as a time varying keycode that determines the exact spatial beam scanning sequence required for both proper encoding and decoding of the 2-D code information. This paper describes preliminary experiments using a simple 1-D amplitude modulated spatial code.