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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Security enhancement for a DPSK telecommunication system using false data transmission

Bruno Wacogne, Mark D. Jackson, Norman E. Fisher, Adrian Gh. Podoleanu, David A. Jackson

Published Nov 1, 1996• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this conference, we demonstrate a new communication system exhibiting a double security level. Information coding is based on differential phase shift keying of the light emitted from a highly coherent CW source. An imbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer whose time delay matches the bit duration is used to decode the data. Since the optical power is constant in the transmission link, security levels comparable with those obtained in coherence modulation may be achieved. To further enhance the security, a low coherent source is used to send false data down the transmission link. The discrimination between real and false signal is based on common mode rejection. A study of the signal to noise ratio achieved with this system is also discussed in this manuscript.

DOI
10.1117/12.256345

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In this conference, we demonstrate a new communication system exhibiting a double security level. Information coding is based on differential phase shift keying of the light emitted from a highly coherent CW source. An imbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer whose time delay matches the bit duration is used to decode the data. Since the optical power is constant in the transmission link, security levels comparable with those obtained in coherence modulation may be achieved. To further enhance the security, a low coherent source is used to send false data down the transmission link. The discrimination between real and false signal is based on common mode rejection. A study of the signal to noise ratio achieved with this system is also discussed in this manuscript.
A new communication system exhibiting a double security level is demonstrated. Information coding is based on relative phase changes between consecutive time intervals of the light emitted from a highly coherent CW source. An imbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer whose time delay matches the intervals duration is used to decode the data. The first security level is related to the constant optical power in the transmission link. To further enhance the security, a low coherent source is used to send false data down the transmission link. Common mode rejection is used to separate the real signal from the false signal. This system provides a high signal-to-noise ratio as well as a low crosstalk in a wavelength division multiplexing network.
Nowadays, it is important to consider not only the possibility of information multiplexing, but also the security aspect of its transmission. This article presents a novel telecommunication system based on relative phase coding. A highly coherent source is used to transmit data, which consists of a sequence of time intervals of duration ?, each exhibiting a different phase. At the receiver, this sequence propagates through an imbalanced Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) exhibiting a differential time-delay matching the time-interval duration ?. At the MZI output, two consecutive intervals overlap, and interferences occur. If the phases of two consecutive intervals are identical, constructive interferences produce a binary '1' at the decoder output. Conversely, if the phases of these intervals differ by ?, destructive interferences produce a binary '0'.
In this letter, the information security of an optical code-based communication system employing orthogonal differential phase-shift keying (DPSK)/code-shift keying (CSK) modulation is first investigated using two eaves dropping methods, one-bit delay interference detection and differential detection. The investigation results show that the security vulnerability exists only in the CSK channel while the DPSK channel can thwart these attacks. Therefore, the concept of public-key cryptography is introduced into the system to efficiently use these two orthogonal channels for both public key distribution and encrypted data transmission. The privacy of the transmitted data can be double guaranteed by public-key cryptography scheme logically and optical code-processing techniques physically.
In this presentation, we discuss the security aspect of coherence modulation for telecommunications. Recently, we demonstrated a simple technique for decoding the signal without any decoder interferometer. We now demonstrate a secure alternative method based on the corruption of the interferometer's optical path difference. Experimental results at low bit rate using fiber interferometers as well as transmission at high bit rates using large-imbalanced integrated optic interferometers are presented. Considerations about the polarization state of the light are also discussed.
A novel single-photon differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) scheme with asymmetric high-bit-rate coding (at 192 Mbit/s) and low-bit-rate gating (1 Mbit/s) coding data format is proposed to stabilize the long-term and long-distant point-to-point secure communication over 40-km standard single-mode-fiber (SSMF). The single-photon carrier is served by an attenuated distributed-feedback laser diode with ultralow phase and power fluctuations of Δθ/θ<0.005% and ΔP/P<0.01%. The single-photon carrier successively encoded with pulsed return-to-zero (RZ) clock and DPSK bits at 192-Mbit/s is decoded by a synchronized one-bit-delay interferometer at 192-Mbit/s with enhanced immunity to spectral and thermal noise. The single-photon DPSK data is detected within 1-ns transistor-transistor logic (TTL) gated window at 0.1% duty-cycle of the 1-Mbit/s receiver. Such an asymmetric DPSK encoding and receiving coding data format further stabilize the single-photon DPSK codes with a quantum bit error ratio (QBER) of 0.038% when the interfered free spectral range of 4.8 MHz expands broader than the linewidth of the single-photon carrier of 293 kHz to ensure the interferometric visibility of 99.2% with the operating time beyond 1065 s. Decoding the single-photon DPSK bits with an average photon number of 0.2 #/bit guarantees the BER at 1.5% with a secure key rate of 113.4 kbit/s under the back-to-back transmission, and remains the BER at 3.2% with a secure key rate of 10.1 kbit/s over 40-km-SSMF transmission. The low-bit-rate-gated receiving of high-bit-rate transmitted DPSK coding data format has unveiled a novel stabilization scheme for single-photon secure communications.
In this paper, we review the recent advances and demonstrations of time domain pseudorandom optical phase encoding technology for high speed 40Gb/s OOK and DPSK secure optical communication systems. Bit-by-bit code shifting technique for enhancing the information security is proposed and demonstrated in different optical transmission systems with various bit rates and modulation formats. The potential application of the proposed techniques for high speed secure optical transmission systems is envisioned.