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IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science

A Generic Reconfigurable System With High-Speed Data Transmission and High-Precision Time Measurements Applied to a Quantum Bit Commitment Experiment

Sheng-zhao Lin, Hongfei Zhang, Jian-min Wang, Dong-xu Yang, Ke Cui, Jian Wang

Published Jun 1, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A reconfigurable system with high-speed data transmission and high-precision time measurement capability based on optical fiber and FPGA technology is presented in this paper. The design is generic for applications where data transmission and time measurement are required. This could be adapted to particle physic experiment, large imaging system, quantum bit commitment, etc. The system is extendable and reconfigurable, allowing data transmission in a bandwidth of 7.5 Gbps. TDC-GPX for time measurement, signal conditioning, data storage, real-time data processing with an FPGA with standard interface such as USB 2.0 and an expansion interface are included. As an example of an application, the design for bit commitment experiment is fully introduced.

DOI
10.1109/tns.2015.2413364

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A reconfigurable system with high-speed data transmission and high-precision time measurement capability based on optical fiber and FPGA technology is presented in this paper. The design is generic for applications where data transmission and time measurement are required. This could be adapted to particle physic experiment, large imaging system, quantum bit commitment, etc. The system is extendable and reconfigurable, allowing data transmission in a bandwidth of 7.5 Gbps. TDC-GPX for time measurement, signal conditioning, data storage, real-time data processing with an FPGA with standard interface such as USB 2.0 and an expansion interface are included. As an example of an application, the design for bit commitment experiment is fully introduced.
The development of quantum computer technology has brought unprecedented threats to traditional cryptography methods. So far, the combination of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and one-time pad cryptography is the best solution to overcome the problem since it makes provable information-theoretic secure encryption possible. While the final key generation rate of most QKD systems cannot meet the needs of practical applications. One of the important reasons is the unsatisfied performance of communication scheme of classical channel in the QKD post processing system (QKDPPS). In this paper, an efficient FPGA-based communication scheme of classical channel in high speed QKD system is presented. Considering the following features of high transmission speed, multiple data types, large data quantity and strict data sequence of the communication over classical channel in a high-speed QKD system, the optical fiber is chosen as the communication medium and a high performance transmission protocol suitable for QKD is designed, including the packeting strategy based on data exchange rate and a reliability assurance scheme on the data link layer. The experimental results demonstrate that our communication scheme can provide stable communication service at 1.66 Gbps for a high-speed QKD system.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the most matured application of quantum communication. The time synchronization and system timing jitter are essential to a practical QKD experiment, which can directly influence the quantum bit error rate (QBER) and the final key rate. High precision time-to-digital converters (TDCs) can effectively reduce the system timing jitter, resulting in lower QBER and higher key rate. Here, we introduce a TDC based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). Its high resolution (LSB) of 50 ps with precision (RMS) less than 50 ps, low dead time and large dynamic range can well meet the requirement of the QKD experiment. A free space QKD system setup using the FPGA-based TDC has been assembled. The timing precision of the synchronous light and the system timing jitter were determined. The results demonstrate that the FPGA-based TDC could be successfully applied in the QKD experiment.
In the context of rapid technological advancements, progress in chip manufacturing technology is propelling electronic devices toward miniaturization and high efficiency at an unprecedented pace. The fundamental principles of quantum mechanics are beginning to play a crucial role in modern electronic devices, providing the foundation for new technological methods and research directions. Optical quantum signal processing, as an important branch of quantum technology, utilizes the quantum properties of photons for information processing and transmission, offering advantages such as high bandwidth, low noise, and strong resistance to interference. However, current optical quantum measurement and control instruments face significant challenges in terms of real-time performance and programming complexity, resulting in reduced data processing efficiency and significantly increased development costs. This study implements a real-time processing algorithm for optical quantum signals on a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The algorithm possesses advantages of real-time performance, low power consumption, and high integration. It allows for rapid functionality switching and efficient optical quantum signal processing. The design specifically aims to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, significantly improving measurement accuracy and reliability. Experimental results indicate that this method substantially enhances the measurement precision and signal-to-noise ratio of optical quantum signals. This research provides an efficient and reliable new method for optical quantum signal processing, laying a solid foundation for further studies in quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum precision measurement.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the most matured application of quantum communication. The time synchronization and system timing jitter are essential to a practical QKD experiment, which can directly influence the quantum bit error rate (QBER) and the final key rate. High precision time-to-digital convertor (TDC) can effectively reduce the system timing jitter, resulting in lower QBER and higher key rate. Here, we introduce a TDC based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Its high resolution of 50 ps, low dead time and large dynamic range can well meet the requirement of the QKD experiment. A free space QKD system setup using the FPGA-based TDC has been built up. The timing precision of the synchronous light and the system timing jitter were tested. The results demonstrate that the FPGA-based TDC could be successfully applied in the QKD experiment.
At the long-distance quantum key distribution(QKD) experiments,high-speed quantum transmission is needed.In this paper,quantum transmission rate at 500 Mbit/s is fulfilled based on SER/DES module inside FPGA,and a time synchronization design between transmitter and receiver using a low frequency sync-pulse(2 MHz) is proposed.For the experiment′s requirements,signal discriminator,pseudo-random number generator,time synchronization and data coding are developed.This design has been applied successfully to build decoy-state based long-distance QKD experiment.