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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

Two-photon ac-Stark effect in Raman-Ramsey Interactions

Junhai Zhang, Jingbiao Chen

Published May 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

For the two-photon ac Stark effect in Raman-Ramsey configuration, such as the Raman clock, and pulsed CPT clock configuration, an interference phenomenon of two-photon ac Stark effect is predicted. Here we report this new physical phenomenon, the interference of two-photon ac Stark effect in two-zone Raman-Ramsey interactions, which is general in any Raman-Ramsey spectroscopy. In particular, for an atomic beam Raman clock configuration, the ac Stark shift will present an interference fringe caused by the separated oscillatory-field interaction when the shift fields interact with atoms at two zones. On the center of dispersion shape of normal ac-Stark shift, an interference pattern appeared when the scale of frequency detuning is expanded.

DOI
10.1109/freq.2007.4319028

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•Jan 1, 2000•0 citations
For the two-photon ac Stark effect in Raman-Ramsey configuration, such as the Raman clock, and pulsed CPT clock configuration, an interference phenomenon of two-photon ac Stark effect is predicted. Here we report this new physical phenomenon, the interference of two-photon ac Stark effect in two-zone Raman-Ramsey interactions, which is general in any Raman-Ramsey spectroscopy. In particular, for an atomic beam Raman clock configuration, the ac Stark shift will present an interference fringe caused by the separated oscillatory-field interaction when the shift fields interact with atoms at two zones. On the center of dispersion shape of normal ac-Stark shift, an interference pattern appeared when the scale of frequency detuning is expanded.
In an optical Ramsey atomic interferometer using Ramsey separated oscillating fields method, AC Stark effect shows that an interference feature is superimposed on the AC Stark level shift dispersion line-shape. This phenomenon has never been observed before. In this report, an analytic expression of the AC Stark shift in optical Ramsey atomic interferometer has been derived, and the numerical result of this interesting feature has been analyzed. Finally, the condition to measure the Interference of AC Stark Effect has been discussed.
In this report, we discussed the interference phenomenon of the AC Stark effect in optical frequency standard with Ramsey spectroscopy. The analytic expression and its numerical result show that an interference fringe is superimposed on the usual AC Stark level shift dispersion line-shape. This phenomenon has never been observed before. By numerical method, we have analyzed the interesting feature of this effect in detail. A method to measure the interference of the AC Stark effect is presented. Finally, a method to observe super-steep dispersion in separated fields scheme is proposed.
We have measured the ac Stark effect in a two-zone stimulated Raman interaction in a sodium atomic beam. In addition, we have derived simple theoretical expressions for the ac Stark shift, based on a closed three-level system, in the Λ configuration, and have achieved qualitative agreement with the data. In particular, the magnitude and sense of the ac Stark shifts are found to depend on laser intensities as well as on the initial populations of the two low-lying levels of the Λ configuration. Specifically, the observed ac Stark shifts are smaller for larger laser intensities and also for smaller initial population differences between the two low-lying levels. The ac Stark effect must be considered for many potential applications of the Raman effect, such as a Raman clock. In this connection, we have identified conditions for the reduction of the ac Stark shift in our sodium Raman clock.
A critical dependence of the quantum interference on the optical Stark spectral shift produced when two-color laser pulses interact with a two-level medium is observed. The four-wave mixing of two ultrashort phase-locked $\ensuremath{\omega}\text{\ensuremath{-}}3\ensuremath{\omega}$ laser pulses propagating coherently in a two-level system depends on the pulses' relative phase. The phase dominating the efficiency of the coupling to the anti-Stokes Raman component is found to be determined by the sign of the total ac Stark shift induced in the system, in such a way that the phase sensitivity disappears precisely where the ac Stark effect due to both pulses is compensated. A coherent control scheme based on this phenomenon can be contemplated as the basis for nonlinear optical spectroscopy techniques.
By means of adiabatically eliminating the upper level or levels of a \ensuremath{\Lambda}-configuration atom coupling to a two-mode quantized field, we have studied the influences of ac Stark shifts on the atomic coherent population trapping in two important atom-field coupling systems via nondegenerate Raman two-photon processes. The states of the field that trap the atom in its two nondegenerate lower levels are obtained, and the important roles of ac Stark shifts and properties of the atomic upper level or levels in the states of the trapping field in two Raman-coupling systems are also analyzed.