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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

Interference phenomenon of AC Stark effect in optical Ramsey frequency standard

Jingbiao Chen, Junhai Zhang, Fengzhi Wang, Donghai Yang, Yiqiu Wang

Published Nov 13, 2002• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this report, we discussed the interference phenomenon of the AC Stark effect in optical frequency standard with Ramsey spectroscopy. The analytic expression and its numerical result show that an interference fringe is superimposed on the usual AC Stark level shift dispersion line-shape. This phenomenon has never been observed before. By numerical method, we have analyzed the interesting feature of this effect in detail. A method to measure the interference of the AC Stark effect is presented. Finally, a method to observe super-steep dispersion in separated fields scheme is proposed.

DOI
10.1109/freq.2001.956167

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In this report, we discussed the interference phenomenon of the AC Stark effect in optical frequency standard with Ramsey spectroscopy. The analytic expression and its numerical result show that an interference fringe is superimposed on the usual AC Stark level shift dispersion line-shape. This phenomenon has never been observed before. By numerical method, we have analyzed the interesting feature of this effect in detail. A method to measure the interference of the AC Stark effect is presented. Finally, a method to observe super-steep dispersion in separated fields scheme is proposed.
In an optical Ramsey atomic interferometer using Ramsey separated oscillating fields method, AC Stark effect shows that an interference feature is superimposed on the AC Stark level shift dispersion line-shape. This phenomenon has never been observed before. In this report, an analytic expression of the AC Stark shift in optical Ramsey atomic interferometer has been derived, and the numerical result of this interesting feature has been analyzed. Finally, the condition to measure the Interference of AC Stark Effect has been discussed.
For the two-photon ac Stark effect in Raman-Ramsey configuration, such as the Raman clock, and pulsed CPT clock configuration, an interference phenomenon of two-photon ac Stark effect is predicted. Here we report this new physical phenomenon, the interference of two-photon ac Stark effect in two-zone Raman-Ramsey interactions, which is general in any Raman-Ramsey spectroscopy. In particular, for an atomic beam Raman clock configuration, the ac Stark shift will present an interference fringe caused by the separated oscillatory-field interaction when the shift fields interact with atoms at two zones. On the center of dispersion shape of normal ac-Stark shift, an interference pattern appeared when the scale of frequency detuning is expanded.
We constructed an optical Ramsey atomic interferometer, which has a resolution of 8 fm for the difference between arms of the interferometer, and used it to examine the phase shift due to the ac Stark effect of the excited state of the intercombination line (1{(}^{1}(1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{3}$P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​) of Ca. It was clearly observed that the phase shift is in proportion to the field power and in inverse proportion to the detuning frequency of the laser. The proportionality coefficient obtained was in good agreement with the theoretical one.
The ac Stark effect is a well-known, well-established effect associated with the displacement of the atomic energy levels in the presence of an electromagnetic (e.m.) field. As the origin of the e.m. field is irrelevant, a self-induced ac Stark effect should be present in a laser. However, not only has this effect never been reported but it is not included in any laser model. Here, we show that a self-induced ac Stark shift does exist in the theoretical description of a two-level laser, provided that the reduced equations are derived not from the rotating-wave approximation, but from the full density matrix formulation. Interesting fundamental consequences are discussed and quantitative estimates of the self-induced frequency shift resulting from the laser field's ac Stark shift are obtained for a variety of lasers. We find that the effect is generally small but (at least in some cases) measurable and that the transfer of laser amplitude noise into frequency noise may play a role in future, ultrahigh-precision metrological applications.