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Journal of Lightwave Technology

Spectral hole burning in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

Maxim A. Bolshtyansky

Published Apr 1, 2003• 63 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new theoretical/numerical model of the spectral hole burning (SHB) effect in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) is suggested. A new measurement technique for SHB measurement is developed. Experiments are conducted to identify the particular mechanism of SHB. A computer simulation program is developed using this approach. The shape and depth of the spectral hole are in accordance with the suggested theory.

DOI
10.1109/jlt.2003.810084

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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters•May 1, 1999•15 citations
A new theoretical/numerical model of the spectral hole burning (SHB) effect in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) is suggested. A new measurement technique for SHB measurement is developed. Experiments are conducted to identify the particular mechanism of SHB. A computer simulation program is developed using this approach. The shape and depth of the spectral hole are in accordance with the suggested theory.
This study presents a modified approach to measure and quantify spectral hole burning (SHB). The approach does not depend on the individual spectral shapes of the ions for the gain shape prediction, but rather on some statistically averaged functions that can be experimentally measured. In addition, this approach is easier to implement without the loss of accuracy. Based on this approach, an experiment is designed and conducted to demonstrate whether the thermal equalization and the excitation transfer are related to the SHB phenomenon in EDF.
Spectral hole burning (SHB) effects in a gain-flattened erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) are demonstrated to be significant in the presence of large signal power around the 1530-1532-nm wavelength range. These are the first effects reported in a setup employing equivalent power level distribution of 40 channels ranging from 1530 to 1561 nm. To explain this, the introduction of a new local population variable into the laser equation is required to support the original inversion ratio that is determined by the pump lasers. In the analysis section, spectroscopic parameters and high signal powers are considered to be other contributing parameters to the change in the gain characteristics. An improvement to this theoretical basis is suggested by implementing mathematical modeling to validate similarities between the gain shape of simulation to that obtained in the experiment.
Gain-difference spectra are used to show that 980-nm band pump wavelength changes can significantly effect spectral-hole burning (SHB) in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). Gain measurements made using a number of different signal and pump wavelengths help to characterize the underlying inhomogeneous spectral properties of EDFAs and a framework for modeling these effects is presented. Despite the difficulty of obtaining the needed subpopulation specific cross section spectra, this model can be used to explain seemingly anomalous changes in the gain spectra of EDFA as a result of changes in signal or pump wavelength.