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IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting (LEOS)

Theory, simulation, and measurements of spectral hole burning in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

Maxim A. Bolshtyansky

Published Aug 23, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This study presents a modified approach to measure and quantify spectral hole burning (SHB). The approach does not depend on the individual spectral shapes of the ions for the gain shape prediction, but rather on some statistically averaged functions that can be experimentally measured. In addition, this approach is easier to implement without the loss of accuracy. Based on this approach, an experiment is designed and conducted to demonstrate whether the thermal equalization and the excitation transfer are related to the SHB phenomenon in EDF.

DOI
10.1109/leos.2003.1251731

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Optical Fiber Communication Conference•Jan 1, 1996•38 citations
This study presents a modified approach to measure and quantify spectral hole burning (SHB). The approach does not depend on the individual spectral shapes of the ions for the gain shape prediction, but rather on some statistically averaged functions that can be experimentally measured. In addition, this approach is easier to implement without the loss of accuracy. Based on this approach, an experiment is designed and conducted to demonstrate whether the thermal equalization and the excitation transfer are related to the SHB phenomenon in EDF.
The dependence of the dynamical response of spectral hole burning (SHB) of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) on temperature is investigated. Experimental results show that gain variations decrease with increasing temperature. The dependence of the transition time on temperature is weak with a trend to larger values at higher temperatures. We also observe that EDFAs using two or three energy levels of the erbium ions show a similar behavior with respect to temperature variation. However, the three-level EDFA presents a higher dependence of the magnitude of induced gain variations on temperature.
Spectral hole burning (SHB) effects in a gain-flattened erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) are demonstrated to be significant in the presence of large signal power around the 1530-1532-nm wavelength range. These are the first effects reported in a setup employing equivalent power level distribution of 40 channels ranging from 1530 to 1561 nm. To explain this, the introduction of a new local population variable into the laser equation is required to support the original inversion ratio that is determined by the pump lasers. In the analysis section, spectroscopic parameters and high signal powers are considered to be other contributing parameters to the change in the gain characteristics. An improvement to this theoretical basis is suggested by implementing mathematical modeling to validate similarities between the gain shape of simulation to that obtained in the experiment.
Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers can present holes in spectral gain in Wavelength Division Multiplexing operation. The origin of this inhomogeneous saturation behavior is still a subject of controversy. In this paper we present both an experimental methods and a gain's model. Our experimental method allow us to measure the first homogeneous linewidth of the 1.5μ\muμm erbium emission with gain spectral hole burning consistently with the other measurement in the literature and the model explains the differences observed in literature between GSHB and other measurement methods.