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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

Nonresonant spectral-hole burning in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

E. Rudkevich, Douglas M. Baney, J. Stimple, Dennis J. Derickson, G. Wang

Published May 1, 1999• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report here, for the first time, observations of offset and collaterally burned holes in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). This additional spectral-hole-burning structure in the 1.5-μm region will impact the application of EDFAs in the wavelength-division-multiplexed environment as well as their descriptive models.
DOI
10.1109/68.759392

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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters•Jun 18, 2010•9 citations
Gain-difference spectra are used to show that 980-nm band pump wavelength changes can significantly effect spectral-hole burning (SHB) in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). Gain measurements made using a number of different signal and pump wavelengths help to characterize the underlying inhomogeneous spectral properties of EDFAs and a framework for modeling these effects is presented. Despite the difficulty of obtaining the needed subpopulation specific cross section spectra, this model can be used to explain seemingly anomalous changes in the gain spectra of EDFA as a result of changes in signal or pump wavelength.
Abstract We observed for the first time to our knowledge the presence of replica holes in the fluorescencespectrum of EDFA. Saturating the Er 3+ transition at a single wavelength we noticed theappearance of spectral holes in the ASE other than the usual one around the saturating laser. Wequalitatively explain the effect and confront the experimental results with the homogeneouslybroadened model. Introduction One of the limiting factors to state-of-the-art DWDM systems is the effect of Spectral Hole Burning (SHB) inErbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs). It has been already observed that the presence of a saturating signal ina given wavelength induces a hole around the signal in the gain and Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE)spectra [1],[2]. These holes in EDFAs are typically between 2 and 8 nm width, which is enough to degrade theneighboring channels. The SHB effect is due to the inhomogeneous broadening of the Er 3+ transitions, causedby site-to-site variations of the local electric field in the silica based host, which induces different ions laser linesproperties.This work shows the existence of spectral holes burned at wavelengths far from the saturating laserline, called Spectral Replica Holes (SRHs). The physical background that explains SRHs is based on theinhomogeneously broadened two-level Stark Splitted
In Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), ASE polarized orthogonal to a saturating signal experiences more gain than ASE with the same polarization as the saturating signal.1 The accumulated enhancement of orthogonal ASE degrades the performance of long systems.1,2 This effect has been observed in single EDFAs using differential measurement techniques.3,4 A computer model of polarization hole-burning (PHB) has been presented.5 It postulates that each ion has an ellipsoid-like surface representing the emission and absorption cross-sections. The ratio of the major to minor cross-sections is the anisotropy parameter: