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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Calculated suppression of cascading quadratic processes in cubic third harmonic generation using periodically poled media

J. P. Fève, Benoı̂t Boulanger

Published Jan 1, 2001• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. The experimental study of three-photon quantum correlations, which lead to new non-classical photon states, would require an efficient four-wave parametric interaction. The interest for non-centrosymmetric crystals still remains important because, up to now no phase-matching condition has been found in centrosymmetric crystals at wavelengths of interest for quantum optical measurements. In this paper, we demonstrate that the cascading quadratic interactions can be suppressed by using a periodically poled KTP crystal with the proper period.

DOI
10.1109/cleo.2001.948031

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Summary form only given. The experimental study of three-photon quantum correlations, which lead to new non-classical photon states, would require an efficient four-wave parametric interaction. The interest for non-centrosymmetric crystals still remains important because, up to now no phase-matching condition has been found in centrosymmetric crystals at wavelengths of interest for quantum optical measurements. In this paper, we demonstrate that the cascading quadratic interactions can be suppressed by using a periodically poled KTP crystal with the proper period.
We demonstrate theoretically that periodically poled materials with a suitable poling period can strongly reduce all ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}:{\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}$ cascading during ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ third-harmonic generation and optical parametric amplification in noncentrosymmetric crystals: the calculated reduction is, respectively, 3 and 6 orders of magnitude along the X axis of KTiOPO4.{\mathrm{KTiOPO}}_{4}.KTiOPO4​. This is then an original and promising way to achieve efficient pure cubic optical frequency conversion, for the study of three-photon quantum properties.
Summary form only given. The experiments on quantum optical correlations partly depend on efficient optical frequency conversion: in the case of quadratic interactions, a second-harmonic generation efficiency of few percents is required to observe the correlations. Such conversion efficiencies are very difficult to reach for cubic processes because the associated /spl chi//sup (3)/ coefficients are weak. Consequently, the specific quantum optical effects linked to cubic parametric processes have never been studied. In the present work, we report the first experiments of efficient third harmonic generation (THG) phase-matched in KTiOPO/sub 4/ (KTP).
We investigate how to manipulate the tripartite frequency correlation of triplets which are generated from cascaded spontaneous parametric down-conversions. A monolithic quadratic nonlinear crystal is designed to contain two segments of periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide as nonlinear mediums to produce cascaded photon pairs both under phase-matching and group-velocity-matching conditions. By choosing proper pump bandwidth and crystal length, the tripartite frequency will show a full correlation, partial correlation, or no correlation, corresponding an inseparable triplet, separable one photon and biphoton, or three separable photons, respectively. This opens up a way to manipulate the tripartite correlation, which is important for understanding quantum fundamentals and also can supply key elements for developing new quantum technologies.
We theoretically demonstrate cascaded fourth and second harmonic generation in a periodically-poled nonlinear crystal with a half-order of phase-matching period. We consider a cascaded process in which four photons of the fundamental harmonic firstly convert into an intermediate photon of the fourth harmonic, which parametrically decays into two photons of the second harmonic at the second stage. Phase-matching for this cascaded nonlinear conversion is provided by using an asymmetric periodical poling. We use the quantum spatial Heisenberg equations to describe light propagation and conversion inside the nonlinear crystal. With this approach, we calculate second and fourth harmonic average number of photons as a function of the nonlinear crystal length.
We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that efficient third-harmonic generation can be achieved with a cubic contribution much larger than the quadratic processes. An energy-conversion efficiency of 2.4% is achieved for cubic third-harmonic generation that is phase matched along the x axis of a KTiOPO(4) crystal by use of a picosecond fundamental laser emitting at 1618 nm. The associated cascading processes are only 10% of the pure cubic interaction, which is very suitable for study of the specific quantum optical correlations. Calculations of the third-harmonic generation conversion efficiency with respect to group-velocity dispersion and to the longitudinal Gaussian beam profile account well for our experimental results.