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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Efficient cubic third harmonic generation in KTiOPO/sub 4/

J. P. Fève, Benoı̂t Boulanger

Published Nov 11, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. The experiments on quantum optical correlations partly depend on efficient optical frequency conversion: in the case of quadratic interactions, a second-harmonic generation efficiency of few percents is required to observe the correlations. Such conversion efficiencies are very difficult to reach for cubic processes because the associated /spl chi//sup (3)/ coefficients are weak. Consequently, the specific quantum optical effects linked to cubic parametric processes have never been studied. In the present work, we report the first experiments of efficient third harmonic generation (THG) phase-matched in KTiOPO/sub 4/ (KTP).

DOI
10.1109/cleoe.2000.910199

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Summary form only given. The experiments on quantum optical correlations partly depend on efficient optical frequency conversion: in the case of quadratic interactions, a second-harmonic generation efficiency of few percents is required to observe the correlations. Such conversion efficiencies are very difficult to reach for cubic processes because the associated /spl chi//sup (3)/ coefficients are weak. Consequently, the specific quantum optical effects linked to cubic parametric processes have never been studied. In the present work, we report the first experiments of efficient third harmonic generation (THG) phase-matched in KTiOPO/sub 4/ (KTP).
We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that efficient third-harmonic generation can be achieved with a cubic contribution much larger than the quadratic processes. An energy-conversion efficiency of 2.4% is achieved for cubic third-harmonic generation that is phase matched along the x axis of a KTiOPO(4) crystal by use of a picosecond fundamental laser emitting at 1618 nm. The associated cascading processes are only 10% of the pure cubic interaction, which is very suitable for study of the specific quantum optical correlations. Calculations of the third-harmonic generation conversion efficiency with respect to group-velocity dispersion and to the longitudinal Gaussian beam profile account well for our experimental results.
Ridges waveguides carved in bulk nonlinear crystals such as LiNbO 3 [1] or KTiOPO 4 (KTP) [2] are a good alternative to reach a strong confinement of electromagnetic waves with large second-order or third-order non-linearity. We report here on our most recent experiments where we show the possibility to shape the birefringence phase-matching (BPM) conditions for direct Third-Harmonic Generation (THG: ω + ω + ω → 3ω) in micrometric KTP ridge waveguides by acting on their transverse dimensions. This study is the preliminary step for designing quantum optical experiments based on Triple Photons Generation (TPG: 3ω → ω + ω + ω) that is the reverse process of THG, thus exhibiting the same BPM conditions.
Summary form only given. The experimental study of three-photon quantum correlations, which lead to new non-classical photon states, would require an efficient four-wave parametric interaction. The interest for non-centrosymmetric crystals still remains important because, up to now no phase-matching condition has been found in centrosymmetric crystals at wavelengths of interest for quantum optical measurements. In this paper, we demonstrate that the cascading quadratic interactions can be suppressed by using a periodically poled KTP crystal with the proper period.
The effect of the quantum properties of light on nonlinear processes has been well studied theoretically. It has been shown that the efficiency of n-photon nonlinear processes in many cases scales as the normalized n-th order correlation function. For light with high intensity correlation function, the efficiency of the n-th harmonic generation will be considerably higher than for coherent light. The experimental observation of this effect remained difficult until recently, because of the absence of bright sources with strong and fast intensity fluctuations. For the experimental demonstration of statistical effects in optical harmonic generation we use as a pump the radiation of high-gain parametric down conversion. Such light shows quantum properties (e.g. quadrature or two-mode squeezing) and has large number of photons in one mode. The normalized n-th order correlation function for this light is (2n - 1)!!, which makes it more attractive for nonlinear processes than both coherent and thermal light. For the generation of optical harmonics we used broadband parametric down conversion around frequency-degeneracy (1600 nm) produced in 1cm BBO crystal from Ti:Sapphire laser (800 nm, 1.6ps, 5kHz, 3W mean intensity). Due to spectral filtering and post-selection technique we could vary the statistics of light from coherent to super-bunched, which allowed us to demonstrate the efficiency enhancement for second-, third-, and fourth-harmonic generation. The obtained experimental results show a good agreement with the theory.
A numerical investigation is made of third harmonic generation (THG) under conditions of two-photon resonance between the fundamental frequency and a selected transition in the atoms of a medium. It is shown that under conditions of coherent interaction between the pump pulse and the medium, a THG efficiency of ∼20% or higher may be achieved. In this case, THG in the form of high-power ultrashort pulses may be obtained. It is shown that experimental observation of similar effects in specific media should not present particular difficulties.