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Optics Letters

Efficient energy conversion for cubic third-harmonic generation that is phase matched in KTiOPO_4

J. P. Fève, Benoı̂t Boulanger, Yannick Guillien

Published Sep 15, 2000• 36 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that efficient third-harmonic generation can be achieved with a cubic contribution much larger than the quadratic processes. An energy-conversion efficiency of 2.4% is achieved for cubic third-harmonic generation that is phase matched along the x axis of a KTiOPO(4) crystal by use of a picosecond fundamental laser emitting at 1618 nm. The associated cascading processes are only 10% of the pure cubic interaction, which is very suitable for study of the specific quantum optical correlations. Calculations of the third-harmonic generation conversion efficiency with respect to group-velocity dispersion and to the longitudinal Gaussian beam profile account well for our experimental results.

DOI
10.1364/ol.25.001373

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Jan 1, 2001•1 citation
We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that efficient third-harmonic generation can be achieved with a cubic contribution much larger than the quadratic processes. An energy-conversion efficiency of 2.4% is achieved for cubic third-harmonic generation that is phase matched along the x axis of a KTiOPO(4) crystal by use of a picosecond fundamental laser emitting at 1618 nm. The associated cascading processes are only 10% of the pure cubic interaction, which is very suitable for study of the specific quantum optical correlations. Calculations of the third-harmonic generation conversion efficiency with respect to group-velocity dispersion and to the longitudinal Gaussian beam profile account well for our experimental results.
Summary form only given. The experiments on quantum optical correlations partly depend on efficient optical frequency conversion: in the case of quadratic interactions, a second-harmonic generation efficiency of few percents is required to observe the correlations. Such conversion efficiencies are very difficult to reach for cubic processes because the associated /spl chi//sup (3)/ coefficients are weak. Consequently, the specific quantum optical effects linked to cubic parametric processes have never been studied. In the present work, we report the first experiments of efficient third harmonic generation (THG) phase-matched in KTiOPO/sub 4/ (KTP).
We report implementation and modelling of an efficient photon-triplets generation experiment based on a difference-frequency-mixing of two picosecond beams at 532 nm and 1491 nm in a type II phase-matched KTP crystal. The photon-triplets flux was measured as a function of the energy of the two incident beams using a coincidence protocol. A maximal flux of 11.6 photon-triplets per second was achieved. These experimental data were satisfactorily described by a semiclassical model based on the quantum fluctuations of vacuum and the classical equations of nonlinear optics.
We demonstrate theoretically that periodically poled materials with a suitable poling period can strongly reduce all ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}:{\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}$ cascading during ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ third-harmonic generation and optical parametric amplification in noncentrosymmetric crystals: the calculated reduction is, respectively, 3 and 6 orders of magnitude along the X axis of KTiOPO4.{\mathrm{KTiOPO}}_{4}.KTiOPO4​. This is then an original and promising way to achieve efficient pure cubic optical frequency conversion, for the study of three-photon quantum properties.
Summary form only given. The experimental study of three-photon quantum correlations, which lead to new non-classical photon states, would require an efficient four-wave parametric interaction. The interest for non-centrosymmetric crystals still remains important because, up to now no phase-matching condition has been found in centrosymmetric crystals at wavelengths of interest for quantum optical measurements. In this paper, we demonstrate that the cascading quadratic interactions can be suppressed by using a periodically poled KTP crystal with the proper period.