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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Er:YLiF_4^4I_11/2 energy levels revisited

R. A. McFarlane

Published Oct 1, 1991• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We use upconversion fluorescence excitation and IR absorption to make precise measurements of the Stark components of the 4I11/2 level of the Er3+ ion in YLiF4. We are able to specify all six components of this system unambiguously and to establish their energies to ±0.5 cm−1. By so doing, we are able to resolve discrepancies of greater than 100 cm−1 in the energies that are reported in the literature. A consistent interpretation of both the emission and the absorption data was possible with the Stark components of 4I11/2 found from our analysis.

DOI
10.1364/josab.8.002009

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Optics Letters•May 15, 1990•130 citations
We use upconversion fluorescence excitation and IR absorption to make precise measurements of the Stark components of the 4I11/2 level of the Er3+ ion in YLiF4. We are able to specify all six components of this system unambiguously and to establish their energies to ±0.5 cm−1. By so doing, we are able to resolve discrepancies of greater than 100 cm−1 in the energies that are reported in the literature. A consistent interpretation of both the emission and the absorption data was possible with the Stark components of 4I11/2 found from our analysis.
The absorption, fluorescence, and excitation spectra of Er3+(4f11) in LaF3 have been investigated between 3500 and 10 000 Å. Based on an energy-level scheme consistent with all observed spectral lines, a number of states have been identified. The parameters giving the best over-all agreement between the predicted ``free-ion'' spectrum and the spectrum of Er3+ in LaF3 are F2=428.708 cm-1, F4=67.784 cm-1, F6=6.751 cm-1, and ζ=2389.60 cm-1. The average deviation for 11 of these levels is 35.3 cm-1. The possible use of Er3+ in LaF3 for the generation of coherent green light is also discussed.
The analysis of the absorption spectrum of Er3+ in LaF3 is extended into the ultraviolet region to 2000 Å. A number of fluorescence lines recently observed in the region from 3000 to 25 000 Å is also reported. Based on the best over-all agreement between the predicted ``free-ion'' 4f11 SLJ states and 21 experimentally observed levels for Er3+ in LaF3, one finds a set of atomic wavefunctions for the ion based on F2 = 435.7 cm—1, F4 = 67.21 cm—1, F6 = 7.388 cm—1, and ζ = 2350.8 cm—1. Laser experiments are described and the details of coherent emission found at 1.61 μ are presented.
Studies of the spectra of stimulated emission from Y 3 AI 5 O 12 :Er 3+ crystals ( 4 I 11/2 – 4 I 13/2 ) containing 20 wt. % activator ions, showed that, as the temperature decreased from 300 to 77°K, a change was observed in the emission wavelength (at T = 300°K it was found that λ 1 = 2.9364 μ λ 2 = 2.8310 μ and at T = 77°K it was found that λ 1 = 2.6930 μ , λ 2 = 2.8970 μ ). This could not be attributed to a thermal redistribution of the populations of the Stark components of the 4 I 11/2 and 4 I 13/2 upper and lower active levels. An analysis of the results showed that the temperature shift of the stimulated emission spectrum was due to changes in the processes of relaxation of excitation from the upper levels of the Er 3+ ion which caused substantial changes in the populations of the 4 I 11/2 and 4 I 13/2 multiplets.
We are interested, in this work, in determining the Stark sub-level of Er3+ ions doping a KY3F10 single crystal with a molar concentration of 1%. We have used a new method of measurement of energies of the ground level and emitting levels from excitation and anti-Stokes emission spectra recorded at liquid nitrogen temperature. This technique is based on a spectral analysis of the anti-Stokes emissions recorded after selective excitation with a red dye tunable laser. Thus, we could determine the Stark sub-levels of the ground and the principal emitting levels in the infrared, visible and near-UV ranges with a very good precision.