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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

In situ measurement of polarization-resolved emission and absorption cross sections of Er-doped Ti:LiNbO_3 waveguides

M. Á. Rebolledo, Juan Antonio Vallés, Sergio Setién

Published Jul 1, 2002• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The polarization-resolved emission spectra of the 4I13/2⇔ 4I15/2, 4I11/2⇔ 4I15/2, and 4S3/2+2H11/2⇔ 4I15/2 transitions have been measured in situ on an Er:Ti:LiNbO3 waveguide and used to determine the polarization-resolved emission and absorption cross-section distributions of these transitions. The significant differences caused by the Er3+-ion anisotropic environment may have important implications for optimizing Er:LiNbO3 integrated devices.

DOI
10.1364/josab.19.001516

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The polarization-resolved emission spectra of the 4I13/2⇔ 4I15/2, 4I11/2⇔ 4I15/2, and 4S3/2+2H11/2⇔ 4I15/2 transitions have been measured in situ on an Er:Ti:LiNbO3 waveguide and used to determine the polarization-resolved emission and absorption cross-section distributions of these transitions. The significant differences caused by the Er3+-ion anisotropic environment may have important implications for optimizing Er:LiNbO3 integrated devices.
The polarization-dependent absorption and emission spectra of the 4113/2-4115/2 transition (A - 1.5 pm) in single crystal bulk Er:LiNbOs have been measured. Low-temperature (10 K) measurements of the Stark split energy levels of these two manifolds indicate at least two Er3+ sites. McCumber theory is applied to determine the Er:LiNb03 absorption and emission cross sections. These values are used to calculate the gain charac- teristics of Er:LiNbOs channel waveguides. Calculations indicate that a gain of 10 dB is achievable in a waveguide of several centimeters using -20-mW pump power.
An application to transitions involving thermalized states of a procedure based on the McCumber theory to determine emission and absorption cross sections in waveguides from transversal fluorescence spectra is presented. The procedure is tested in Er-doped Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides to provide accurate cross-section values for the recently attractive 550-nm band. We also study the excited-state absorption transition around 860 nm and present, to our knowledge, the first published cross-section values for this transition.
Based on the transmission spectra of Er3+-doped LiNbO3 optical waveguides in this paper we report some experimental and theoretical results concerning the evaluation of some spectroscopic parameters which characterize the above mentioned waveguides. The absorption experimental spectra were used to determine the homogeneous absorption and emission cross sections (utilising the density matrix formalism and the McCumber's theory and taking into account the Stark splitting of the levels), the oscillator strength of the absorption transition, the spontaneous emission probabilities, the radiative lifetime and the excitation energy in three regions of the optical spectrum: around 1550 nm, 980 nm and 550 nm, respectively. Also, we measured the rising and falling times and we calculated the homogeneous upconversion factor corresponding to the transition 4I15/2->4F7/2.
Based on the transmission experimental spectra of Er3+ -doped Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguides in this paper we report some experimental and theoretical results concerning the evaluation of the the radiative lifetime and the real and imaginary parts of the complex atomic susceptibility of the above mentioned waveguides in the visible and near infrared spectral range. The homogeneous absorption and emission cross sections were determined from the the corresponding experimental transmission spectra around 1550 nm, 980 nm and 550 nm using the density matrix formalism and the McCumber's theory and taking into account the Stark splitting of the levels.
We report Erbium-doped Ti-indiffused single-mode optical waveguides of good quality in LiNbO3 fabricated by Erimplantation followed by annealing. Besides ground state absorption also xcited-tate-bsorption (ESA) has been investigated indicating that even at 1. 48 pm pump wavelength ESA occurs as a three stage process. The guided-wave spontaneous fluorescence was investigated. In a " pump and probe" experiment for the first time wavelength ranges could be identified where the stimulated emission overcomes the Er-absorption.