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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Absorption, fluorescence, and stimulated emission in Ti-diffused Er:LiNbO 3 waveguides

Ralf Brinkmann, W. Sohler, H. Suche

Published Feb 1, 1991• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report Erbium-doped Ti-indiffused single-mode optical waveguides of good quality in LiNbO3 fabricated by Erimplantation followed by annealing. Besides ground state absorption also xcited-tate-bsorption (ESA) has been investigated indicating that even at 1. 48 pm pump wavelength ESA occurs as a three stage process. The guided-wave spontaneous fluorescence was investigated. In a " pump and probe" experiment for the first time wavelength ranges could be identified where the stimulated emission overcomes the Er-absorption.

DOI
10.1117/12.24554

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We report Erbium-doped Ti-indiffused single-mode optical waveguides of good quality in LiNbO3 fabricated by Erimplantation followed by annealing. Besides ground state absorption also xcited-tate-bsorption (ESA) has been investigated indicating that even at 1. 48 pm pump wavelength ESA occurs as a three stage process. The guided-wave spontaneous fluorescence was investigated. In a " pump and probe" experiment for the first time wavelength ranges could be identified where the stimulated emission overcomes the Er-absorption.
An application to transitions involving thermalized states of a procedure based on the McCumber theory to determine emission and absorption cross sections in waveguides from transversal fluorescence spectra is presented. The procedure is tested in Er-doped Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides to provide accurate cross-section values for the recently attractive 550-nm band. We also study the excited-state absorption transition around 860 nm and present, to our knowledge, the first published cross-section values for this transition.
Based on the transmission spectra of Er3+-doped LiNbO3 optical waveguides in this paper we report some experimental and theoretical results concerning the evaluation of some spectroscopic parameters which characterize the above mentioned waveguides. The absorption experimental spectra were used to determine the homogeneous absorption and emission cross sections (utilising the density matrix formalism and the McCumber's theory and taking into account the Stark splitting of the levels), the oscillator strength of the absorption transition, the spontaneous emission probabilities, the radiative lifetime and the excitation energy in three regions of the optical spectrum: around 1550 nm, 980 nm and 550 nm, respectively. Also, we measured the rising and falling times and we calculated the homogeneous upconversion factor corresponding to the transition 4I15/2->4F7/2.
The polarization-dependent absorption and emission spectra of the 4113/2-4115/2 transition (A - 1.5 pm) in single crystal bulk Er:LiNbOs have been measured. Low-temperature (10 K) measurements of the Stark split energy levels of these two manifolds indicate at least two Er3+ sites. McCumber theory is applied to determine the Er:LiNb03 absorption and emission cross sections. These values are used to calculate the gain charac- teristics of Er:LiNbOs channel waveguides. Calculations indicate that a gain of 10 dB is achievable in a waveguide of several centimeters using -20-mW pump power.