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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Efficient single-photon frequency upconversion at telecommunication wavelengths with Ti-indiffused periodically-poled LiNbO 3 waveguides

Zhenda Xie, Kai-Hong Luo, Harald Herrmann, Christine Silberhorn, Chee Wei Wong

Published May 10, 2015• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

We demonstrate single-photon frequency-upconversion using a titanium-infused periodically-poled lithium niobate waveguide by L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier pump. Internal efficiencies up to 84.4% and dark-count rate of 44kHz are achieved with narrowband filtering down to 3.5GHz.

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We demonstrate upconversion single-photon detectors based on integrated periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides that incorporate two mode filters and a directional coupler. The two mode filters are optimized for the fiber-waveguide coupling efficiencies for 1550 and 1950 nm, respectively, while the directional coupler plays the role of wavelength combiner, making the overall system portable and low cost. The two wavelengths pump each other in our detection system. We achieve detection efficiencies of 28% for 1550 nm and 27% for 1950 nm, respectively. This scheme provides an efficient integrated single-photon detection method for any two well-separated spectral bands in the whole low-loss range of lithium niobate waveguides.

arXiv:1902.06464•Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Aug 7, 2018•25 citations
Frequency upconversion for single photons at telecom wavelengths is important to simultaneously meet the different wavelength requirements for long-distance communications and quantum memories in a quantum nodal network. It also enables the detection for the telecom "flying qubit" photons with silicon-based efficient single-photon detectors with low dark count (DC) rates. Here, we demonstrate the frequency upconversion of attenuated single photons, using a low-loss titanium-indiffused periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide, pumped with a readily available erbium-doped fiber amplifier in the L-band. Internal and conversion efficiencies up to 84.4% and 49.9% have been achieved, respectively. The DC rates are suppressed down to 44 kHz at 13.9% end-to-end quantum efficiency (including full conversion and detection), enabled by our long-wavelength pump configuration and narrow 3.5-GHz bandpass filtering.
We demonstrate 1500 nm band single-photon detection with low dark-count noise and a potentially high efficiency, which may allow long distance and high-bit-rate quantum key distribution. By developing frequency upconversion devices based on periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides, which are specifically designed to use a pump wavelength longer than that of communication-band photons, we completely eliminate the dark-count noise caused by parasitic nonlinear processes in the waveguide. We observed an internal conversion efficiency as high as 40% and demonstrated scaling down to the single photon level while maintaining a background dark-count rate of 10(2)s(-1).
We demonstrate upconversion-assisted single-photon detection for the 1.55-μm telecommunications band based on a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide pumped by a monolithic PPLN optical parametric oscillator. We achieve an internal conversion efficiency of 86%, which results in an overall system detection efficiency of 37%, with excess noise as low as 10(3) counts s(-1). We measure the dark count rate versus the upconversion pump-signal frequency separation and find the results to be consistent with noise photon generation by spontaneous anti-Stokes Raman scattering. These results enable detailed design guidelines for the development of low-noise quantum frequency conversion systems, which will be an important component of fiber-optic quantum networks.
We demonstrate upconversion single-photon detectors based on integrated periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides that incorporate two mode filters and a directional coupler. The two mode filters are optimized for the fiber-waveguide coupling efficiencies for 1550 and 1950 nm, respectively, while the directional coupler plays the role of wavelength combiner, making the overall system portable and low cost. The two wavelengths pump each other in our detection system. We achieve detection efficiencies of 28% for 1550 nm and 27% for 1950 nm, respectively. This scheme provides an efficient integrated single-photon detection method for any two well-separated spectral bands in the whole low-loss range of lithium niobate waveguides.