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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Mechanism of a population inversion between the4I11/2and4I13/2levels of the Er3+ion in Y3AI5O12crystals

V I Zhekov, Boris V. Zubov, Vladimir A. Lobachev, T. M. Murina, Alexander M. Prokhorov, A F Shevel'

Published Apr 30, 1980• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Studies of the spectra of stimulated emission from Y 3 AI 5 O 12 :Er 3+ crystals ( 4 I 11/2 – 4 I 13/2 ) containing 20 wt. % activator ions, showed that, as the temperature decreased from 300 to 77°K, a change was observed in the emission wavelength (at T = 300°K it was found that λ 1 = 2.9364 μ λ 2 = 2.8310 μ and at T = 77°K it was found that λ 1 = 2.6930 μ , λ 2 = 2.8970 μ ). This could not be attributed to a thermal redistribution of the populations of the Stark components of the 4 I 11/2 and 4 I 13/2 upper and lower active levels. An analysis of the results showed that the temperature shift of the stimulated emission spectrum was due to changes in the processes of relaxation of excitation from the upper levels of the Er 3+ ion which caused substantial changes in the populations of the 4 I 11/2 and 4 I 13/2 multiplets.

DOI
10.1070/qe1980v010n04abeh010106

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Studies of the spectra of stimulated emission from Y 3 AI 5 O 12 :Er 3+ crystals ( 4 I 11/2 – 4 I 13/2 ) containing 20 wt. % activator ions, showed that, as the temperature decreased from 300 to 77°K, a change was observed in the emission wavelength (at T = 300°K it was found that λ 1 = 2.9364 μ λ 2 = 2.8310 μ and at T = 77°K it was found that λ 1 = 2.6930 μ , λ 2 = 2.8970 μ ). This could not be attributed to a thermal redistribution of the populations of the Stark components of the 4 I 11/2 and 4 I 13/2 upper and lower active levels. An analysis of the results showed that the temperature shift of the stimulated emission spectrum was due to changes in the processes of relaxation of excitation from the upper levels of the Er 3+ ion which caused substantial changes in the populations of the 4 I 11/2 and 4 I 13/2 multiplets.
A study was made of various cases of a population inversion between the 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 levels in Y3Al5O12:Er3+ crystals. It is found that when nonradiative transitions from the upper levels to the active levels by the mechanism of multiphonon energy transfer are more probable, laser action occurs due to transitions between the Stark components of the 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 levels with the highest oscillator strengths. If nonradiative transitions due to ion-ion interaction are more probable, a red shift is observed in the lasing spectra.
Stimulated emission due to the 4 I 11/2 – 4 I 13/2 transition (λ = 2.936 μ) in yttrium aluminum garnet (Y 3 Al 5 O 12 ) doped with Er 3+ ions (30 wt%) was observed for the first time at 300°K. The output energy from crystals of 50 × 3 mm dimensions was 0.3 J under free-oscillation conditions and 0.05 J in the case of Q switching. The lifetime of the 4 I 11/2 level was determined for crystals with 3–30 wt% Er 3+ . The energy from the higher Er 3+ levels relaxed in a cascade manner through 4 I 11/2 to 4 I 13/2 .