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physica status solidi (a)

Spectral properties of rare-earth ions in YAlO3 crystals

V. A. Antonov, P. A. Arsenev, K. E. Bienert, Andrey V. Potemkin

Published Sep 16, 1973• 42 citations
Publisher

Abstract

YAlO3 crystals have been prepared with small percentages of different rare earths substituted for yttrium. The absorption and luminescence spectra of the samples activated with Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb have been measured at 77 K. An analysis of these spectra gave the positions of many of the crystalline Stark levels. Stimulated emission has been observed from Ho3+, Er3+, and Tm3+ ions in crystals of YAlO3.

DOI
10.1002/pssa.2210190129

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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics•Aug 31, 1975•107 citations
YAlO3 crystals have been prepared with small percentages of different rare earths substituted for yttrium. The absorption and luminescence spectra of the samples activated with Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb have been measured at 77 K. An analysis of these spectra gave the positions of many of the crystalline Stark levels. Stimulated emission has been observed from Ho3+, Er3+, and Tm3+ ions in crystals of YAlO3.
Stimulated emission was obtained from Tu 3+ ions in YAlO 3 crystals doped with 1.0 at. % Tu and 0.1 at. % Cr. The stimulated radiation was generated by the 3 F 4 → 3 H 5 (λ 1 )→ 3 H 5 → 3 H 6 (λ 2 ) cascade at wavelengths λ 1 = 2.34 μ and λ 1 =1.93 μ and the threshold was 3.5 J/cm at 90 °K. A scheme of radiative and nonradiative transitions between the terms was constructed. The absorption and luminescence spectra recorded at 4.2 °K were used to derive the Stark splitting scheme of the 3 H 4 and 3 H 6 terms of the thulium ion.
Abstract Theoretical and experimental investigations are made of two‐photon absorption spectra of trivalent rare‐earth ions in crystals. Effective cross‐sections, selection rules, and relative intensities of the components are found. The most intensive two‐photon transitions are established. Two‐photon excitation spectra of luminescence of Er3+ and Ho3+ ions in CaF2 are obtained and effective excitation cross‐sections are measured using a tunable dye laser (715 to 850 nm). It is shown that the spectra have a peculiar structure which differs considerably from that of the one‐photon absorption spectra. The experimental results agree with theory. It is established that one of the levels in Ho3+ is the level 5G6 rather than 3K7 usually assumed.
We report the observation of coherent emission from three rare-earth ions in electro-optic crystals. Oscillation is observed from Nd3+ ions in Bi4Ge3O12, LiNbO3, and Ba0.75Ca0.25Nb26O at room temperature, and from Tm3+ and Ho3+ ions in LiNbO3 at 77°K. Second-harmonic radiation is obtained from LiNbO3:Tm3+ and electric-field modulation of threshold is observed for certain crystals of LiNbO3:Nd3+. The latter effect is believed to arise from crystal strain. The propagation angle for phase-matched second-harmonic generation is calculated to lie at 43° to the c axis for both LiNbO3:Tm3+ and LiNbO3:Ho3+ at 77°K. Phasematched second-harmonic generation from LiNbO3:Nd3+ is not possible, since the maser line is an extraordinary wave. However, the polarization of the maser line in LiNbO3:Nd3+ is appropriate for phasematched parametric frequency conversion in the near infrared. Attempts to observe such radiation were not successful due to the limited power available in the fundamental.
Stimulated emission due to the 4 I 11/2 – 4 I 13/2 transition (λ = 2.936 μ) in yttrium aluminum garnet (Y 3 Al 5 O 12 ) doped with Er 3+ ions (30 wt%) was observed for the first time at 300°K. The output energy from crystals of 50 × 3 mm dimensions was 0.3 J under free-oscillation conditions and 0.05 J in the case of Q switching. The lifetime of the 4 I 11/2 level was determined for crystals with 3–30 wt% Er 3+ . The energy from the higher Er 3+ levels relaxed in a cascade manner through 4 I 11/2 to 4 I 13/2 .