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Quantum Electronics

Efficiency of population of the4I13/2level of the Er3+ion and the possibility of lasing at 1.5 μm in Yb, Er:YAG at high temperatures

B. I. Galagan, Boris I. Denker, Vyacheslav V Osiko, Sergei E. Sverchkov

Published Oct 31, 2007• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown that, as the temperature of an Yb, Er:YAG crystal is increased from room temperature to 400–600°C, the efficiency of energy accumulation on the 4 I 13/2 level of the Er 3+ ion increases by several times upon optical pumping through Yb 3+ ions. Under these conditions, up to 60% of erbium ions can be excited, which gives promise that lasing at a wavelength of 1.54 μm can be achieved in the Yb, Er:YAG crystal in the three-level scheme.

DOI
10.1070/qe2007v037n10abeh013627

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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics•Mar 31, 1985•4 citations
It is shown that, as the temperature of an Yb, Er:YAG crystal is increased from room temperature to 400–600°C, the efficiency of energy accumulation on the 4 I 13/2 level of the Er 3+ ion increases by several times upon optical pumping through Yb 3+ ions. Under these conditions, up to 60% of erbium ions can be excited, which gives promise that lasing at a wavelength of 1.54 μm can be achieved in the Yb, Er:YAG crystal in the three-level scheme.
Studies of the spectra of stimulated emission from Y 3 AI 5 O 12 :Er 3+ crystals ( 4 I 11/2 – 4 I 13/2 ) containing 20 wt. % activator ions, showed that, as the temperature decreased from 300 to 77°K, a change was observed in the emission wavelength (at T = 300°K it was found that λ 1 = 2.9364 μ λ 2 = 2.8310 μ and at T = 77°K it was found that λ 1 = 2.6930 μ , λ 2 = 2.8970 μ ). This could not be attributed to a thermal redistribution of the populations of the Stark components of the 4 I 11/2 and 4 I 13/2 upper and lower active levels. An analysis of the results showed that the temperature shift of the stimulated emission spectrum was due to changes in the processes of relaxation of excitation from the upper levels of the Er 3+ ion which caused substantial changes in the populations of the 4 I 11/2 and 4 I 13/2 multiplets.
Single-mode cw lasing was obtained for the first time in Yb 3+ : GGG crystals at room temperature at 1.030 and 1.037 μm upon pumping Yb 3+ ions by a 0.925-μm neodymium-doped fibre laser. Lasing was observed at the transitions between the lower Stark sublevel of the 2 F 5/2 level and the upper Stark sublevels of the 2 F 7/2 ground state of Yb 3+ ions. The study of lasing characteristic showed that lasing occurs according to the four-level scheme. The lasing threshold with respect to the absorbed power was 85 mW and the slope lasing efficiency was 20%. Upon 1.7-W pumping, the output power of 310 mW was achieved with the output resonator mirror with the transmission coefficient of 1%. The effective cross section of the lasing transition was 0.9 × 10 -20 cm 2 .
An analysis is made of some processes that occur under conditions of accumulation of population inversion due to the 4 I 13/2 – 4 I 15/2 resonant transition in Er 3+ ions in ytterbium–erbium (Yb–Er) glasses of various compositions. Methods of measuring the parameters of direct and reverse excitation energy transfer between Er 3+ and Yb 3+ ions are also studied. It is found that, under certain conditions achieved in practice, appreciable bleaching of the medium should be observed at the frequency of the pump radiation, particularly under conditions of high-intensity reverse transfer of excitation energy from Er 3+ to Yb 3+ ions. This is typical of glasses having a low rate of intracenter relaxation of Er 3+ ions. It is also shown that nonsteady-state rate equations that assume a linear relationship between the rate of interionic transfer and the ground state population of the acceptor consistently describe the energy characteristics of the excitation processes of Yb–Er glasses. In this case, it is not necessary to introduce in the calculation model additional excitation losses that increase nonlinearly with the pump radiation.