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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Efficient cross-relaxation laser emitting atλ= 2.94 μ

V I Zhekov, Vladimir A. Lobachev, T. M. Murina, Alexander M. Prokhorov

Published Sep 30, 1983• 49 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An analysis was made of a new configuration of a laser utilizing the 4I11/2–4I11/2 transition in the Er3+ ions in YAG with a high activator concentration (~5×1021cm−3). It is shown that at a certain excitation rate the cross-relaxation processes increase considerably the lasing efficiency and make it possible to achieve cw emission as a result of transitions from a long-lived lower level.

DOI
10.1070/qe1983v013n09abeh004620

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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics•Feb 28, 1981•6 citations
An analysis was made of a new configuration of a laser utilizing the 4I11/2–4I11/2 transition in the Er3+ ions in YAG with a high activator concentration (~5×1021cm−3). It is shown that at a certain excitation rate the cross-relaxation processes increase considerably the lasing efficiency and make it possible to achieve cw emission as a result of transitions from a long-lived lower level.
A detailed analysis of the non-exponential behaviour of the kinetics of the initial laser level for three-micron generation 4I11/2, in ErAG (Erbium Aluminium Garnet) crystals (laser transition 4I11/2 →4I13/2), excited in the 4H11/2 level with short laser pulses of variable intensity, is performed. The observed non-exponentiality of the 4I11/2 decay and its dependence on the energy of the exciting pulse cannot be satisfactorily described with a rate equation modelling which includes only two-ion energy transfer processes among Er3+ ions as up-conversion from the terminal laser level (4I13/2), up-conversion from the initial one. and cross-relaxation from 4I9/2 and 4S3/2 (thermalised, at room temperature, with 2H11/2) Our analysis has shown that the inclusion of three-ion up-conversion processes from both initial and terminal three-micron laser levels leads to an excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical non-exponentiality of the 4I11/2 decay for various pumping intensities and allows the estimation of the three-ion up-conversion rates The best agreement with the experimental non-exponentialities was obtained ω111 = ω222 = 2 x 10-34 cm6s-1 and q2 = 0.9, where ω111 and ω222 represent the rates of three-ion upconversion from 4I13/2 and 4I11/2, respectively, and q2 is the ratio o two-ion up-conversio rates.
Studies of the spectra of stimulated emission from Y 3 AI 5 O 12 :Er 3+ crystals ( 4 I 11/2 – 4 I 13/2 ) containing 20 wt. % activator ions, showed that, as the temperature decreased from 300 to 77°K, a change was observed in the emission wavelength (at T = 300°K it was found that λ 1 = 2.9364 μ λ 2 = 2.8310 μ and at T = 77°K it was found that λ 1 = 2.6930 μ , λ 2 = 2.8970 μ ). This could not be attributed to a thermal redistribution of the populations of the Stark components of the 4 I 11/2 and 4 I 13/2 upper and lower active levels. An analysis of the results showed that the temperature shift of the stimulated emission spectrum was due to changes in the processes of relaxation of excitation from the upper levels of the Er 3+ ion which caused substantial changes in the populations of the 4 I 11/2 and 4 I 13/2 multiplets.
A study was made of various cases of a population inversion between the 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 levels in Y3Al5O12:Er3+ crystals. It is found that when nonradiative transitions from the upper levels to the active levels by the mechanism of multiphonon energy transfer are more probable, laser action occurs due to transitions between the Stark components of the 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 levels with the highest oscillator strengths. If nonradiative transitions due to ion-ion interaction are more probable, a red shift is observed in the lasing spectra.