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Progress of Theoretical Physics

q-Deformed and c-Deformed Harmonic Oscillators

Ikuo S. Sogami, Kozo Koizumi, R. M. Mir‐Kasimov

Published Oct 1, 2003• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Hamilton functions of classical deformed oscillators (c-deformed oscillators) are derived from Hamiltonians of q-deformed oscillators of the Macfarlane and Dubna types. A new scale parameter, lq, with the dimension of length, is introduced to relate a dimensionless parameter characterizing the deformation with the natural length of the harmonic oscillator. Contraction from q-deformed oscillators to c-deformed oscillators is accomplished by keeping lq finite while taking the limit bar→0. The c-deformed Hamilton functions for both types of oscillators are found to be invariant under discrete translations: the step of the translation for the Dubna oscillator is half of that for the Macfarlane oscillator. The c-deformed oscillator of the Macfarlane type has propagating solutions in addition to localized ones. Reinvestigation of the q-deformed oscillator carried out in the light of these findings for the c-deformed systems proves that the q-deformed systems are invariant under the same translation symmetries as the c-deformed systems and have propagating waves of the Bloch type.

DOI
10.1143/ptp.110.819

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Hamilton functions of classical deformed oscillators (c-deformed oscillators) are derived from Hamiltonians of q-deformed oscillators of the Macfarlane and Dubna types. A new scale parameter, lq, with the dimension of length, is introduced to relate a dimensionless parameter characterizing the deformation with the natural length of the harmonic oscillator. Contraction from q-deformed oscillators to c-deformed oscillators is accomplished by keeping lq finite while taking the limit bar→0. The c-deformed Hamilton functions for both types of oscillators are found to be invariant under discrete translations: the step of the translation for the Dubna oscillator is half of that for the Macfarlane oscillator. The c-deformed oscillator of the Macfarlane type has propagating solutions in addition to localized ones. Reinvestigation of the q-deformed oscillator carried out in the light of these findings for the c-deformed systems proves that the q-deformed systems are invariant under the same translation symmetries as the c-deformed systems and have propagating waves of the Bloch type.
A wide class of q-deformed harmonic oscillators including those of Macfarlane type and of Dubna type is shown to be describable in a unified way. The Hamiltonian of the oscillator is assumed to be given by a q-deformed anti-commutator of the q-deformed ladder operators. By solving qqq-difference equations, explicit coordinate representations of ladder operators and wave functions are derived, and unified parametric representations are found for qqq-Hermite functions and related formulas for the oscillators of Macfarlane and Dubna types. In addition to the well-known solutions with globally periodic structure, there exist an infinite number of solutions with globally aperiodic structure.
The Liouville equation for the q-deformed 1-D classical harmonic oscillator is derived for two definitions of q-deformation.This derivation is achieved by using two different representations for the q-deformed Hamiltonian of this oscillator corresponding to undeformed and deformed phase spaces.The resulting Liouville equation is solved by using the method of characteristics in order to obtain the classical probability distribution function for this system.The 2-D and 3-D behaviors of this function are then investigated using a computer visualization method.The results are compared with those for the classical anharmonic oscillator.This comparison reveals that there are some similarities between these two models, where the results for the q-deformed oscillator exhibit similar whorl shapes that evolve with time as for the anharmonic oscillator.It is concluded that studying the Liouville dynamics gives more details about the physical nature of q-deformation than using the equation of motion method.It is also concluded that this result could have reflections on the interpretation of the quantized version of this q-deformed oscillator.
The interpretation of the q-deformed 1-D quantum harmonic oscillator is investigated for two definitions of q-deformation.This investigation is achieved by using Zaslavskii's method to obtain the Heisenberg equations of motion (quantum Liouville equations) in the undeformed phase space.These quantum Liouville equations exhibit a non-commutative geometry produce from the existence of the dilatation operator which is inherent in the q-deformation process.The classical limits of these equations are obtained by applying a special classical limiting condition to produce the classical Liouville equations of the q-deformed oscillator.These classical Liouville equations are solved by using the method of characteristics in order to obtain the classical probability distribution functions for this system.The 2-D and 3-D behaviors of these functions were then investigated using a computer visualization method.The results of the mathematical derivations together with the computer visualization method show that the classical limit of the quantum Liouville equations for the q-deformed 1-D quantum harmonic oscillator are statistical in nature where the nonlinearity parameter for the q-deformed oscillator is connected with h .This result conforms to that obtained by Ghosh et al. for the undeformed 1-D quantum harmonic oscillator.The obtained classical probability distribution functions exhibit whorl shapes that evolve with time in phase space that are similar to the shapes obtained for the 1-D classical q-deformed oscillator.These whorl shapes in phase space are similar to those introduced by Milburn for the 1-D classical anharmonic oscillator.This similarity results from the fact that the anharmonicity itself represents a kind of deformation with a frequency that is a function of amplitude.
Quantum and classical mechanics of a system of q-deformed bosonic oscillators are considered. The q-deformed Heisenberg-Weyl algebra of creation and destruction operators is realized by differential operators in a space of functions of real commutative variables. The corresponding Hilbert space is constructed. In this approach, the deformation parameter turns out to be a function of the Planck constant, an oscillator frequency and a parameter with dimension of length. The Hamiltonian path integral is derived and its semiclassical approximation is investigated to obtain the corresponding q-deformed classical theory. The phase space spanned by the usual commutative coordinates is shown to be a cylinder in classical theory. The dimensional parameter introduced determines its radius. It is argued that the q-deformation can be associated with a special non-canonical transformation. The principle of least action for the classical q-deformed system is formulated. A representation of U q (m) in a space of functions on a phase space spanned by commutative coordinates is constructed.
A q-deformed version of standard quantum mechanics in the coordinate Schrodinger picture is obtained by replacing the ordinary coordinate derivative by the so-called q-discrete derivative as the representative of the momentum operator. The chosen q-discrete derivative is symmetric with respect to the exchange of q and q -1 . Under the usually adopted assumptions a q-deformed Schrodinger equation is derived for a harmonic oscillator. The complete set of eigenfunctions can be explicitly constructed as special q-functions and the corresponding energy eigenvalues are identical to those obtained by Biedenharn in his pioneering work (1989). This q-deformed oscillator exhibits a rich novel structure including dynamical symmetry and in the limit q to 1 it reveals some hitherto unknown features of the harmonic oscillator eigenfunctions.