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Progress In Electromagnetics Research B

ROOM TEMPERATURE TERAHERTZ PHOTODETECTION IN ATOMIC AND QUANTUM WELL REALIZED STRUCTURES

M. Zyaei, Aly Rostami, Hamed Haji Khanmohamadi, H. Rasooli Saghai

Published Jan 1, 2011• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract—A novel kind of room temperature terahertz photodetector based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) is presented. The main idea for room temperature and THz range operation is reduction of dark current which is done by converting of the incoming terahertz signal (long-wavelength Infrared signal) to shortwavelength field through EIT phenomena. For realization of this idea, we examine EIT phenomena in multi levels atomic system and quantum wells cascade structures. In the proposed structure the quantum interference between long wavelength and short-wavelength radiation modifies the absorption characteristic of short-wavelength probe field. By this means, the terahertz signal does not interact directly with ground state electrons, but affects on the absorption characteristics of

DOI
10.2528/pierb10121502

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Abstract—A novel kind of room temperature terahertz photodetector based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) is presented. The main idea for room temperature and THz range operation is reduction of dark current which is done by converting of the incoming terahertz signal (long-wavelength Infrared signal) to shortwavelength field through EIT phenomena. For realization of this idea, we examine EIT phenomena in multi levels atomic system and quantum wells cascade structures. In the proposed structure the quantum interference between long wavelength and short-wavelength radiation modifies the absorption characteristic of short-wavelength probe field. By this means, the terahertz signal does not interact directly with ground state electrons, but affects on the absorption characteristics of
A new Terahertz photodetector based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) is proposed. In the terahertz range (low energy signal) the limiting point is dark current. Dark current determines the signal-noise ratio of detectors. Our main purpose in terahertz detection is reduction of the dark current which is done by converting the incoming Terahertz IR signal to short-wavelength or visible probe optical field through EIT phenomena. For realization of this idea, we used 4-level atoms which can be implemented by quantum wells or dots. In the proposed structure, the terahertz-IR signal does not interact directly with ground state electrons, but affects the absorption characteristics of the short-wavelength or visible probe optical field that directly interact with ground state electrons. Therefore, in the proposed structure, the important thermionic dark current in terahertz detection, can be strongly reduced.
In recent years, terahertz (THz) technology has made significant progress in numerous applications; however, the highly sensitive, room-temperature THz detectors are still rare, which is one of the bottlenecks in THz research. In this paper, we proposed a room-temperature electrometry method for THz detection by laser spectroscopy of cesium ( Cs 133) Rydberg atoms, and conducted a comprehensive investigation of the five-level system involving electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA), and Autler–Townes (AT) splitting in Cs 133 cascades. By solving the Lindblad master equation, we found that the influence of the THz electric field, probe laser, dressing laser, and Rydberg laser on the ground state atomic population as well as the coherence between the ground state and the Rydberg state, plays a crucial role in the transformation and amplitude of the EIT and EIA signals. Temperature and the atomic vapor cell’s dimensions affect the number of Cs 133 atoms involved in the detection, and ultimately determine the sensitivity. We predicted the proposed quantum coherence THz detection method has a remarkable sensitivity of as low as 10 −9 V m −1 Hz −1/2 . This research offers a valuable theoretical basis for implementing and optimizing quantum coherence effects based on Rydberg atoms for THz wave detection with high sensitivity and room-temperature operation.
As terahertz (THz) technology rapidly develops, room temperature THz detectors with high sensitivity and wide bandwidth are urgently required. Rydberg atoms are very sensitive to external electric fields, and offer a promising approach for THz detection with exceptional sensitivity. In this paper, we propose a method for measuring the THz field with the frequency of 0.17 THz using 85Rb Rydberg atoms. By analyzing the probe laser transmission spectrum and atomic population, the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes (AT) splitting effect are explained by the presence and splitting of the Rydberg dark states; the THz field, coupling laser and probe laser play a crucial role in the EIT signal; and the EIT spectral transmission will increase when the atomic population of the excited state decreases. Moreover, a method was demonstrated to improve the THz detection sensitivity by changing the eigenfrequencies of the Rydberg dark states with THz detuning. This work finds the relationship between EIT-AT effect and atomic population of Rydberg atoms caused by THz wave and provides what we believe to be a new method to improve the detection efficiency.
In this paper, we design a room temperature long wavelength quantum dot infrared photo detector (QDIP) by considering the principle of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a nanocrystal composed of a spherical GaAs quantum dot (QD) embedded in InAs . It is shown that the presence of long wavelength infrared (IR) signal in the medium affects on the absorption of visible optical probe (λp) in proposed photo detector. The far IR wavelength (λ FIR ) can be tuned to be 20 μm by means of external voltage and the size of QD. It is found that increasing the magnitude of far IR signal in the medium results in increase of optical probe signal absorption.
A quantum dot infrared (IR) photodetector based on intraband optical transitions among the various states within the valence band by considering the principle of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is proposed and theoretically investigated. Absorption spectra of the probe beam and its dependence on the control beam and IR signal under the conditions of EIT have been studied. The incident IR signal itself does not generate any photocurrent. However, profound modification of the absorption characteristics of the probe beam by incident IR signal intensity leads to photocurrent generation in the proposed photodetector. Thermal characterization of the photodetector has been carried out through the evaluation of the temperature dependence of the quantum efficiency of the device.
Introduction: Quantum light–matter interaction provides an excellent application of Rydberg levels. Rydberg states are special in the sense that they have a long lifetime and large dipole moments. The large number of these levels and the spacing among them enable the detection of the incoming signals in the broad region of the electromagnetic spectrum, encompassing microwave (MW), terahertz (THz) and radio frequency (RF) ranges. Electromagnetically Induced Absorption (EIA) and Transparency (EIT) can be achieved at these levels. MW and THz signals can quantum-mechanically split the relevant spectral lines in which the splitting is proportional to the strength of an incoming em field.