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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Terahertz asymmetric quantum well infrared photodetector design based on electromagnetically induced transparency

Ali Rostami, M. Zyaei, H. Rasooli Saghai, Farrokh Janabi Sharifi

Published Oct 6, 2008• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new Terahertz photodetector based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) is proposed. In the terahertz range (low energy signal) the limiting point is dark current. Dark current determines the signal-noise ratio of detectors. Our main purpose in terahertz detection is reduction of the dark current which is done by converting the incoming Terahertz IR signal to short-wavelength or visible probe optical field through EIT phenomena. For realization of this idea, we used 4-level atoms which can be implemented by quantum wells or dots. In the proposed structure, the terahertz-IR signal does not interact directly with ground state electrons, but affects the absorption characteristics of the short-wavelength or visible probe optical field that directly interact with ground state electrons. Therefore, in the proposed structure, the important thermionic dark current in terahertz detection, can be strongly reduced.

DOI
10.1117/12.804409

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A new Terahertz photodetector based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) is proposed. In the terahertz range (low energy signal) the limiting point is dark current. Dark current determines the signal-noise ratio of detectors. Our main purpose in terahertz detection is reduction of the dark current which is done by converting the incoming Terahertz IR signal to short-wavelength or visible probe optical field through EIT phenomena. For realization of this idea, we used 4-level atoms which can be implemented by quantum wells or dots. In the proposed structure, the terahertz-IR signal does not interact directly with ground state electrons, but affects the absorption characteristics of the short-wavelength or visible probe optical field that directly interact with ground state electrons. Therefore, in the proposed structure, the important thermionic dark current in terahertz detection, can be strongly reduced.
Abstract—A novel kind of room temperature terahertz photodetector based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) is presented. The main idea for room temperature and THz range operation is reduction of dark current which is done by converting of the incoming terahertz signal (long-wavelength Infrared signal) to shortwavelength field through EIT phenomena. For realization of this idea, we examine EIT phenomena in multi levels atomic system and quantum wells cascade structures. In the proposed structure the quantum interference between long wavelength and short-wavelength radiation modifies the absorption characteristic of short-wavelength probe field. By this means, the terahertz signal does not interact directly with ground state electrons, but affects on the absorption characteristics of
A quantum dot infrared (IR) photodetector based on intraband optical transitions among the various states within the valence band by considering the principle of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is proposed and theoretically investigated. Absorption spectra of the probe beam and its dependence on the control beam and IR signal under the conditions of EIT have been studied. The incident IR signal itself does not generate any photocurrent. However, profound modification of the absorption characteristics of the probe beam by incident IR signal intensity leads to photocurrent generation in the proposed photodetector. Thermal characterization of the photodetector has been carried out through the evaluation of the temperature dependence of the quantum efficiency of the device.
In this paper, we design a room temperature long wavelength quantum dot infrared photo detector (QDIP) by considering the principle of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a nanocrystal composed of a spherical GaAs quantum dot (QD) embedded in InAs . It is shown that the presence of long wavelength infrared (IR) signal in the medium affects on the absorption of visible optical probe (λp) in proposed photo detector. The far IR wavelength (λ FIR ) can be tuned to be 20 μm by means of external voltage and the size of QD. It is found that increasing the magnitude of far IR signal in the medium results in increase of optical probe signal absorption.
As terahertz (THz) technology rapidly develops, room temperature THz detectors with high sensitivity and wide bandwidth are urgently required. Rydberg atoms are very sensitive to external electric fields, and offer a promising approach for THz detection with exceptional sensitivity. In this paper, we propose a method for measuring the THz field with the frequency of 0.17 THz using 85Rb Rydberg atoms. By analyzing the probe laser transmission spectrum and atomic population, the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes (AT) splitting effect are explained by the presence and splitting of the Rydberg dark states; the THz field, coupling laser and probe laser play a crucial role in the EIT signal; and the EIT spectral transmission will increase when the atomic population of the excited state decreases. Moreover, a method was demonstrated to improve the THz detection sensitivity by changing the eigenfrequencies of the Rydberg dark states with THz detuning. This work finds the relationship between EIT-AT effect and atomic population of Rydberg atoms caused by THz wave and provides what we believe to be a new method to improve the detection efficiency.
We propose a scheme to design a new type of optical metamaterial that can mimic the functionality of four-state atomic systems of N-type energy-level configuration with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that in such metamaterial a transition from a single EIT to a double EIT of terahertz radiation may be easily achieved by actively tuning the intensity of the infrared pump field or passively tuning the geometrical parameters of resonator structures. In addition, the group velocity of the terahertz radiation can be varied from subluminal to superluminal by changing the pump field intensity. The scheme suggested here may be used to construct chip-scale slow and fast light devices and to realize rapidly responded switching of terahertz radiation at room temperature.
Broadband and sensitive terahertz (THz) detectors are essential for advancing applications in THz technology. Rydberg atoms were proven to be a promising THz detector, but its detection bandwidth and sensitivity still remain challenging. In this paper, a four-level cesium Rydberg atom system was designed, and it can be operated using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Above all, a high-performance THz detection scheme was demonstrated by introducing frequency detuning of the THz wave relative to the atomic resonance and analyzing the asymmetric splitting between the EIT main peak and the off-resonant Autler–Townes (AT) peak. This method exploits the linear dependence of Rydberg eigenfrequencies on THz detuning and allows us to resolve weak THz electric fields even in the nonlinear regime. Furthermore, the probe laser power was found to influence the EIT signal, with low power producing a narrow but weak signal and high power yielding a stronger yet broader signal; therefore, under a probe power of 20 μW, a minimum detectable field of 2.43 V/m at 108.9 GHz was achieved, while a probe power of 500 μW allowed the detection bandwidth to be extended to 14 GHz. That means that the sensitivity was improved by 50% and the bandwidth was improved by three orders compared with the conventional EIT–AT method. Theoretical modeling results based on the Lindblad master equation are consistent with the experimental results. This frequency-detuning-based strategy offers a physically traceable and scalable approach to advancing quantum-enhanced THz sensing under ambient conditions.