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International Conference on Telecommunications

All-optical filter design: Electromagnetically induced transparency and ring resonator

Ali Rostami, Karim Abbasian

Published Jan 1, 2007• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we present a novel method based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) and ring resonator for description of all-optical controllable filters that is so necessary for development of all-optical networks and systems. Impurities including 4-level atoms or nanocrystals added to ring resonator for control of the absorption and the index of refraction. Parameters of the control electromagnetic field or fields are used to manipulate the absorption and the index of refraction of the ring resonator. Also, optical filtering behavior of the ring resonator is studied. It is shown that using the control field, optical filtering properties of the proposed structure can be controlled.

DOI
10.1109/ictmicc.2007.4448604

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Recently, there has been increasing interest on the idea of controlling optical responses using atomic-coherence or quantum-interferences. Typical example may be the concept of electomagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) [1]. The key idea of EIT is to apply a strong-coupling field between a metastable and upper states to dress them equivalently as two states decaying to a common level or continuum, and to induce the transparency at the split-center of Autler-Townes components. This idea of EIT may open new possibilities to various coherent processes, such as lasing without population inversion, enhanced refractive index without absorption], slow group velocity without absorption, enhanced nonlinearity without absorption, etc.

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In this paper, we present a novel method based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) and ring resonator for description of all-optical controllable filters that is so necessary for development of all-optical networks and systems. Impurities including 4-level atoms or nanocrystals added to ring resonator for control of the absorption and the index of refraction. Parameters of the control electromagnetic field or fields are used to manipulate the absorption and the index of refraction of the ring resonator. Also, optical filtering behavior of the ring resonator is studied. It is shown that using the control field, optical filtering properties of the proposed structure can be controlled.
In optical applications including hybrid and integrated cases, there are some inherent phenomena such as dispersion, loss and many others that must be critically removed for performance improvement. Among these dispersion is important for light propagation and speed of transmission. Optical pulse broadening and chirping are main disadvantages of dispersion in pulse propagation. Dispersion cancellation in these applications is crucial. Dispersion compensators are widely used which are realized with different methods. In this paper a novel dispersion compensator and management system based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is introduced. For realization of EIT phenomenon in this paper four level atoms or quantum dots is used. In this analysis uniform distribution of these atoms is assumed. With application of control fields the absorption and the index of refraction are controlled. So, with intensity of a control light the dispersion factor is manipulated. For implementation of this idea ring resonator is considered. With application of control signal the group delay, phase difference and dispersion are controlled. Easy integration of the proposed technique is an important advantage of this method. Also, intensity of the control signal is main parameter for dispersion tuning. The proposed technique is all-optical dispersion management system. Our calculations show delay time and dispersion value well over nsec and 20 ps/km.nm respectively.
Basic units for realization of all-pole and all-zero transfer functions in all-optical systems using ring resonators and electromagnetic-induced transparency (EIT) are introduced. Using the basic blocks for generation of pole and zero proposed Any type and any degree of optical filters and optical processing systems can be implemented. In this paper, z transform is used for design and synthesize of low-pass, bandpass, and high-pass Butterworth optical filters as an example. The stability of optical systems designed by the proposed structures is investigated. In addition, EIT is used for the control of pole and zero position.
We propose a new control structure for all-optical switching in multimode inference (MMI)-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) devices. This structure is composed of an MZI doped by three-level nanocrystals for the realization of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the lower arm. We use two different intensities of control field for two states of the proposed switch. Using a control field in both of the two switching states is necessary, where the EIT region is transparent. By changing the intensity of the control field, the refractive index of the doped region changes, which makes the phase difference between the two arms of the MZI. Hence, the switching operation takes place. Simulation results show that the extinction ratio of the device is −32dB in the worst case.
Summary form only given. The reduced absorption and enhanced nonlinearity in a three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system are very important in achieving an effective all-optical switching action. The Kerr-nonlinear index of refraction of a three-level EIT medium can be greatly enhanced near resonance due to atomic coherence induced in such a system in comparison with a two-level atomic system, as we have shown by using an optical ring cavity. Both the magnitude and sign of the Kerr-nonlinear index change dramatically for different frequency detunings of the controlling (or coupling) or cavity (or probe) field. Bistability and dynamic instability occur when such a three-level /spl Lambda/-type EIT system is placed inside an optical ring cavity and the controlling and cavity input intensities to exceed certain threshold values. In this paper, we present a recent experimental demonstration of controlling the cavity output intensity by modulating the frequency detuning of the controlling beam.
Optical materials exhibit significant losses over the resonance frequency of their constituent atoms and so they are practically implemented at frequencies far from resonances. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) provides a method for effective suppression of optical loss in a narrow window over the resonance, where the medium exhibits significant dispersion but at the expense of zero susceptibility. The classical or plasmonic analogs of the EIT effect are introduced and widely used in the context of electromagnetic or optical metamaterials (MMs). In another interesting phenomenon in quantum optics known as enhancement of index of refraction (EIR), the optical loss of the medium can be zero or even negative at the region of maximal susceptibility and negligible dispersion. This condition is interesting for applications where a strong electromagnetic response of the medium with negligible loss is required, such as zero- or negative-index metamaterials (MMs). Here we introduce a plasmonic analog of the EIR which allows for coherent control over the polarizability and absorption of plasmonic nanoantennas. It can open up the way for loss-compensated propagation of optical waves in zero-index to high-refractive-index plasmonic MMs. The scheme also offers an approach to all-optical switching and coherent control of transmission, diffraction, and polarization conversion properties of plasmonic nanostructures, as well as propagation properties of surface plasmon polaritons on metasurfaces.
Recently, there has been increasing interest on the idea of controlling optical responses using atomic-coherence or quantum-interferences. Typical example may be the concept of electomagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) [1]. The key idea of EIT is to apply a strong-coupling field between a metastable and upper states to dress them equivalently as two states decaying to a common level or continuum, and to induce the transparency at the split-center of Autler-Townes components. This idea of EIT may open new possibilities to various coherent processes, such as lasing without population inversion, enhanced refractive index without absorption], slow group velocity without absorption, enhanced nonlinearity without absorption, etc.